(1) kiʻekiʻe yield point, kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, kamahaʻo anu paʻakikī hopena, maʻalahi e haki a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe.

(2) maikaʻi ʻole ka thermal conductivity ma mua o ke kila kalapona maʻamau, ka hopena i ka ikaika deformation i koi ʻia, ka ikaika kuʻi, ka ikaika huki.

(3) i ke kiʻi ʻana, he koʻikoʻi ka deformation plastic, maʻalahi ka papaʻaina e wrinkle a hāʻule paha.

(4) he mea maʻalahi ke kiʻi ʻana i ka ʻōpala i nā nodules,

(5) i ka huki hohonu ʻana, paʻakikī ke hiki i ke ʻano i manaʻo ʻia.

ʻO ka hana ʻana o ke kumuhana i luna, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o ke kila kila ponoʻī, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻelima o nā kumu:

ʻO kekahi ka hana o nā mea maka; ʻO ka lua, ke ʻano o ka mold a me ka wikiwiki o ka stamping; ʻEkolu ka mea o ka mold; ʻEhā ka wai lubrication stamping; ʻO ka lima, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke ala o ke kaʻina hana.

E ʻoluʻolu e kipa: https://www.hermessteel.net