ʻO nā ʻano o nā pā kila kila penei:
Ka mua, e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana, aia nā mea kaua, kaʻa, ka hale, ka uila, ka puna kila puna, etc.
Ka lua,e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻano kila, aia nā papa kila martensitic, ferritic a me austenitic, etc.;
Ke kolu,e like me ka helu mānoanoa, aia nā ʻano ʻehā o ka pā mānoanoa kūikawā, ka pā mānoanoa, ka pā waena a me ka pā lahilahi.

ʻO ka mea mua, he nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila kila, kahi mea maʻamau i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā mea kaua, nā kaʻa, ka hale, nā uila, nā puna kila puna, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. E hana i kekahi hana hoʻolālā kino kino.

ʻO ka lua, he nui nā ʻano o nā pā kila, e like me nā papa kila martensitic, ferritic, a me austenitic, ma waena o nā mea kila austenitic-ferritic i loaʻa mai nā papa kila austenitic, e hana ana i ka holoʻokoʻa Ua piʻi ka maikaʻi o ka pā kila i kahi kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka pilikia maʻamau i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā pā kila ka mānoanoa o ka pā kila, kahi e hoʻoholo ai i kona ʻano. ʻEhā ʻano nui o nā pā kila: ka pā mānoanoa, ka pā mānoanoa, ka pā waena, a me ka pā lahilahi.

ʻO ka hana o ke kila kila kila?

ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻino

Kūleʻa nā pā kila kila i ka corrosion e nā waikawa, nā kinoea alkaline, nā hoʻonā a me nā mea hoʻolaha ʻē aʻe. No laila, ikaika loa ka hiki ke pale aku i ka corrosion.

anti-oxidation

Loaʻa i nā papa kila kila ikaika ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation, akā e hoʻopili pū ʻia ka helu oxidation o ke kila kila e nā mea e like me ke kaiapuni o waho. ʻOiai ua kapa ʻia ke kila kila he kila kila, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole lākou e pala.

No ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila i nā kahua like ʻole, e like me nā kaʻa, aerospace, a me ke kūkulu hale. No laila, ua hoʻokumu ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papa kila kila i kahi kumu waiwai a me ka ʻenehana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hou a me ka holomua ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana. No laila, i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā pā kila, pono ʻoe e koho i kahi mea hana nui a hilinaʻi, i hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia ka maikaʻi.