Ixabiso lentengo yembali ye-304 yensimbi engenasici ichaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nemeko yezoqoqosho yehlabathi, ukuthengiswa kweemarike kunye nokufunwa, amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokunye. Oku kulandelayo yimbali yexabiso lentengo ye-304 yensimbi engenasici esiyiqulunqe ngokusekelwe kwidatha yoluntu, ukubhekisela kuphela:

Ukususela ngo-2015, ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici libonise ukuguquguquka okunyukayo;

Ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngoMeyi 2018;

Ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini se-2018, kunye nokunyuka kokungaqiniseki kwemeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokunyuka kweengxabano zorhwebo ze-Sino-US, ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici yaqala ukuwa;

Ekuqaleni kwe-2019, echaphazelekayo yimigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo, ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici liye lafumana ukunyuka kwexesha elifutshane;

Ekuqaleni kwe-2020, echaphazelekayo ngubhubhani omtsha wesithsaba, uqoqosho lwehlabathi lwachaphazeleka kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici yawa kwakhona; kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2020, uqoqosho lwehlabathi ngokuthe ngcembe lwabuyela, kwaye ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici yaqala ukuchacha ngokuthe ngcembe;

Ukusukela ngo-2021, uqoqosho lwehlabathi luye lwachacha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali neyemali ephunyezwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo iye yavela ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze ikhuthaze uqoqosho. Xa kudityaniswe nokukhawuleziswa kwenkqubela phambili yogonyo, ulindelo lwemarike lokubuyisela uqoqosho luyanda;

Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi ka-2021, ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici liye laphakama;

Ukususela ngo-Apreli 2021, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo kunye notshintsho kwintengiso kunye nokufunwa kweemarike, ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici yaqala ukuwa;

Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhubekayo ukubuyiswa koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokunyuka kweemfuno zemarike, ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici liya kuphinda libuyele ekupheleni kwe-2021, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kancinci kunoko ekuqaleni konyaka.

Ukusukela ngoMatshi ka-2022, ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici libonise ukunyuka ngokubanzi.

Ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici ichaphazeleka kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo liye laphakama: izinto eziphambili ze-304 zensimbi ezingenasici ziyi-nickel kunye ne-chromium, kwaye amaxabiso ezi zinto zimbini zisanda kubonisa ukunyuka. Ukuchaphazeleka kule nto, ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici nayo iphakanyisiwe.

2. Ubonelelo lwemarike kunye nobudlelwane bemfuno: Imfuno iye yanda kutshanje, kwaye ukunikezelwa kweemarike akwanelanga, ngoko ixabiso liye laphakama. Kwelinye icala, ukuchacha koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunyuse imfuno yamashishini ahlukeneyo; kwelinye icala, abanye abavelisi abanomthamo onyiniweyo wemveliso nabo baye bawenza mandundu unikezelo oluqinileyo kunye nemeko yemfuno kwimarike.

3. Ukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi: Ngokunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi, iindleko zemveliso zabanye abavelisi zinyukile, ngoko ke ixabiso liye landa.

Kungekudala, ezinye izibikezelo zeemarike zibonisa ukuba ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici lingaqhubeka nokunyuka kwixesha elizayo. Ezona zizathu ziphambili ziquka:

1. Ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo liye laphakama: amaxabiso ezinto eziphambili ze-304 zensimbi ezingenasici ezifana ne-nickel kunye ne-chromium ziye zaqhubeka nokunyuka kutshanje, eziza kufaka uxinzelelo kwixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici.

2. Ubudlelwane phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno kwimarike yempahla ekrwada yamazwe ngamazwe: Ubonelelo lwemarike lwemathiriyeli ekrwada efana ne-nickel lusaqinile, ngakumbi ifuthe lothintelo lokuthumela ngaphandle olusuka eIndiya. Ngaphezu koko, imfuno yaseTshayina iyenyuka, enokuthi ichaphazele ngakumbi amaxabiso ezinto ezikrwada kumazwe ngamazwe.

3. Impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yokurhweba: Ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yezorhwebo kwimarike yensimbi, ngokukodwa izithintelo kunye nohlengahlengiso ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kunye nokungeniswa kwentsimbi kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kunokuba nefuthe elingaqinisekanga kwixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici.

4. Ukukhula kweemfuno zemarike ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe: Imfuno yemarike ye-304 yensimbi engenasici nayo ikhula kutshanje. Ngaphambili kwasekhaya, amanye amashishini, njengezixhobo zasekhitshini, izixhobo zokuhlambela, njl., ziye zanda ngokuthe ngcembe imfuno ye-304 yensimbi engenasici. Kwilizwe lamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqhubeka nokuphucuka koqoqosho eYurophu, eMelika nakwezinye iindawo nako kuqhube ukukhula kwemfuno ye-304 yentsimbi engatyiwayo kwamanye amashishini.

5. Impembelelo yalo bhubhani: Ubhubhani wehlabathi lonke usaqhuba, kwaye uqoqosho lwamazwe athile kunye nemimandla lunokuchaphazeleka. Nangona ubhubhane luye lwachaphazela imfuno ye-304 yensimbi engenasici, iya kuchaphazela imveliso kunye nokubonelela, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ixabiso.

6. Impembelelo yomthamo wokuvelisa kunye nobuchwepheshe: Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iteknoloji yokuvelisa isinyithi yasekhaya iye yaphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye ukuvela kwezinye izinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe kunokuchaphazela ixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici. Ukongeza, ukunyuka kwamandla emveliso kunokuchaphazela amaxabiso.

7. Impembelelo yezinga lotshintshiselwano kunye nemarike yezemali: I-304 insimbi engenasici yenye yeentlobo ezibalulekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ngoko ke ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokutshintshiselana kunye nemarike yezemali kunokuchaphazela ixabiso layo.

8. Impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo: Iimfuno zokukhusela indalo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ziya ziphakama kwaye ziphezulu, kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo ephunyezwa ngamazwe athile kunye nemimandla ingaba nefuthe kwixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iinkampani zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi zaphoqeleka ukuba ziyeke okanye zinciphise imveliso ngenxa yeemfuno ezingqongqo zokukhuselwa kwendalo, ezichaphazela ukunikezelwa kunye nexabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi zinto zingasentla ziyizinto ezingaqinisekanga kwiimarike, kwaye impembelelo yabo kwixabiso le-304 yensimbi engenasici kunzima ukuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwiimarike zentengiso kunye nolwazi lwexabiso lomenzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba wenze izigqibo ezingcono.