Kusankha chitsulo choyenera cha polojekiti yanu ndi chisankho chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito, kulimba, ndi mtengo wa chinthu chanu chomaliza. Chitsulo choyenera chimadalira zinthu monga kagwiritsidwe ntchito, zofunikira zolemetsa, malo a chilengedwe, ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira. Nayi chitsogozo chatsatane-tsatane chokuthandizani kusankha kalasi yabwino kwambiri yachitsulo ya polojekiti yanu:

1. Dziwani Zofunikira za Pulojekiti Yanu

Yambani ndikumvetsetsa zofunikira za polojekiti yanu:

Zimango katundu: Ndi mphamvu ziti, kulimba, ndi kulimba zomwe zimafunika?

Kukana dzimbiri: Kodi chitsulocho chidzakumana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, chinyezi, mankhwala)?

Kugwira ntchito: Kodi chitsulocho chimayenera kukhala chophweka bwanji kuti chiwotcherera, makina, kapena mawonekedwe?

Kutentha: Kodi chitsulocho chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, kotentha kapena kozizira?

Kuganizira za mtengo: Kodi muli ndi bajeti yolimba? Zitsulo zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimabwera ndi ndalama zambiri zakuthupi.

2. Kumvetsetsa Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Zitsulo

Chitsulo chikhoza kugawidwa mosiyanasiyana kutengera kapangidwe kake ndi chithandizo chake. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndi:

• Chitsulo cha carbon: Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri, wokhala ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya carbon. Mpweya wambiri wa carbon umapereka mphamvu zambiri koma umachepetsa ductility.

Chitsulo chochepa cha carbon(Chitsulo chofewa): Choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zonse.

Chitsulo chapakati cha carbon: Amapereka mphamvu komanso ductility, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe.

Chitsulo chapamwamba cha carbon: Yamphamvu komanso yolimba koma yocheperako; amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri.

• Chitsulo chachitsulo: Lili ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera monga chromium, faifi tambala, molybdenum, ndi zina zotero. Zitsulozi zimapangidwira zinthu zinazake monga kulimba kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, kapena kukana kutentha.Zitsulo zapadera: Izi zikuphatikiza zitsulo zamoto, zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo, ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo opangira ndege ndi magalimoto.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Zosachita dzimbiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe dzimbiri ndizovuta (mwachitsanzo, zida zachipatala, zida zopangira chakudya, ndi zomera za mankhwala).

Chida chitsulo: Zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida ndikumwalira.

Chitsulo chotsika kwambiri champhamvu (HSLA).: Amapereka mphamvu zabwinoko komanso kukana dzimbiri mumlengalenga pomwe amapepuka kuposa zitsulo zachikhalidwe za carbon.

3. Onani Mphamvu Zachitsulo

Kulimba kwamakokedwe: Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe chinthu chimatha kupirira chikatambasulidwa kapena kukoka chisanasweke. Pazinthu zonyamula katundu, sankhani kalasi yachitsulo yokhala ndi mphamvu yolimba yofunikira.

Zokolola mphamvu: Kupanikizika kumene chinthu chimayamba kupunduka kosatha. Zitsulo zamphamvu zokolola zapamwamba zimakondedwa pazantchito zamapangidwe komanso zofunikira pachitetezo.

4. Taganizirani Kuuma kwa Chitsulo

Kulimba kwachitsulo ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kukana kuvala ndikofunikira, monga zida zodulira, magiya, kapena zida zamagalimoto. Zitsulo zolimba sizitha kuvala pakapita nthawi koma zimakhala zovuta kuziyika pamakina kapena kuwotcherera.

5. Factor in toughness and Ductility

Kulimba mtima: Kuthekera kwachitsulo kutenga mphamvu isanaphwanyike. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pazitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu.

Ductility: Kukhoza kwachitsulo kufooketsa pansi pa kupsinjika maganizo. Pazigawo zomwe zidzakhale zopindika kapena zoumbidwa, mudzafuna chitsulo chokhala ndi ductile mokwanira kuti mupewe kusweka.

6. Chongani Corrosion Resistance

Ngati chitsulocho chidzawonetsedwa ndi chinyezi, mankhwala, kapena madzi amchere, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikofunikira. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (monga 304, 316) ndizosachita dzimbiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madzi, pokonza chakudya, ndi zamankhwala.

7. Yang'anani pa Zida Zopangira ndi Kuwotcherera

     Weldability: Magiredi ena achitsulo ndi osavuta kuwotcherera kuposa ena. Zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa zimakhala zosavuta kuwotcherera, pomwe zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri kapena zitsulo zokhala ndi aloyi wapamwamba zimafunikira zida zapadera kapena kutentha kusanachitike kuti zisawonongeke.

Formability: Kwa mapulojekiti omwe amafunikira kupangidwa kapena kupangidwa kwakukulu (monga kupondaponda kapena kugudubuza), mudzafuna chitsulo chosavuta kupanga popanda kusokoneza makina ake.

8. Ganizirani za Njira Yochizira Kutentha

Zitsulo zambiri zimathandizidwa kutentha kuti ziwongolere zida zawo zamakina. Zitsulo zina (monga zida zachitsulo) zimatha kutenthedwa kuti zikwaniritse kuuma kwakukulu kapena ma microstructures enieni. Onetsetsani kuti giredi yomwe mwasankha ikhoza kulandira chithandizo cha kutentha kofunikira ngati pakufunika pakugwiritsa ntchito.

9. Onani Miyezo ndi Mafotokozedwe

• Yang'anani miyezo yoyenera yamakampani (mwachitsanzo, ASTM, AISI, DIN, SAE) yomwe imatanthawuza katundu ndi mafotokozedwe azitsulo.
• Tsimikizirani kuti chitsulo chomwe mwasankha chikugwirizana ndi miyezo yoyenera pamakampani anu kapena ntchito yanu, kaya ndi zomangamanga, zamagalimoto, zamlengalenga, kapena zina.

10.Ganizirani Mtengo ndi Kupezeka

Ngakhale zitsulo zogwira ntchito kwambiri zingapereke katundu wapamwamba, zimabweranso pamtengo wapamwamba. Yang'anani phindu ndi mtengo kuti muwonetsetse kuti chitsulo chikugwirizana ndi bajeti ya polojekiti yanu. Komanso, lingalirani za nthawi yotsogolera ndi kupezeka - magiredi ena achitsulo amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobweretsera chifukwa cha kufunikira kapena kuchepa kwa kupanga.

Magiredi a Zitsulo a Zitsanzo za Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana:

• Chitsulo Chochepa (mwachitsanzo, A36): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga, magalimoto, ndi zomangamanga komwe kumafunikira mphamvu ndi mawonekedwe.
• Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (mwachitsanzo, 304, 316): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kukana kwa dzimbiri, monga kukonza chakudya, zida zamankhwala, ndi zida zamankhwala.
• Chitsulo cha Chida (mwachitsanzo, D2, M2): Oyenera kudula zida, amafa, ndi nkhungu chifukwa cha kuuma kwake ndi kukana kuvala.
• Chitsulo Cholimba Kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, 4140, 4340): Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto, zakuthambo, ndi zida zolemetsa chifukwa champhamvu zake komanso kukana kutopa.
• Chitsulo cha Aloyi (mwachitsanzo, 4130): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale oyendetsa ndege, magalimoto, ndi kupanga komwe mphamvu, kulimba, komanso kukana kuvala ndikofunikira.

Mapeto

Chitsulo choyenera cha polojekiti yanu chimadalira kugwirizanitsa zinthu monga mphamvu, kuuma, kugwira ntchito, kukana dzimbiri, ndi mtengo. Nthawi zonse ganizirani zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwanu, ndipo lingalirani zofunsana ndi mainjiniya azinthu kapena ogulitsa kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwasankha kalasi yoyenera yachitsulo.