Ukukhetha ibakala elifanelekileyo lentsimbi kwiprojekthi yakho sisigqibo esibalulekileyo esichaphazela ukusebenza, ukuqina, kunye neendleko zemveliso yakho yokugqibela. Ibakala lensimbi elifanelekileyo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nesicelo, iimfuno zomthwalo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye neempawu ezithile ezifunekayo. Nali inyathelo ngenyathelo isikhokelo sokukunceda ukhethe elona bakala lilungileyo lentsimbi kwiprojekthi yakho:

1. Chonga iiMfuno zeProjekthi yakho

Qala ngokuqonda iimfuno eziphambili zeprojekthi yakho:

Iimpawu zoomatshini: Ngawaphi amandla, ubulukhuni, kunye nokuqina okufunekayo?

Ukuxhathisa umhlwa: Ngaba intsimbi iya kubonakaliswa kwiimeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo (umzekelo, ukufuma, iikhemikhali)?

Ukusebenziseka: Ingaba intsimbi kufuneka ibe lula kangakanani ukuwelda, umatshini, okanye ubume?

Iimeko zobushushu: Ingaba intsimbi iya kusetyenziswa kubushushu obugqithisileyo, nokuba kushushu okanye kubanda?

Ukuqwalaselwa kweendleko: Ngaba unebhajethi engqongqo? Iintsimbi zodidi oluphezulu zihlala ziza neendleko eziphezulu zezinto eziphathekayo.

2. Qonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi

Isinyithi sinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwayo kunye nonyango. Ezona ndidi zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Intsimbi yekhabhoni: Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo, olunamanqanaba ahlukeneyo omxholo wekhabhoni. Umxholo wekhabhoni ophezulu ngokubanzi unika amandla amakhulu kodwa wehlisa i-ductility.

Intsimbi yekhabhoni ephantsi(intsimbi ethambileyo): Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwenjongo jikelele.

Medium-carbon steel: Inikezela ngolungelelwaniso lwamandla kunye ne-ductility, ehlala isetyenziselwa usetyenziso lwesakhiwo.

Intsimbi ephezulu yekhabhoni: Inamandla kwaye inzima kodwa i-ductile encinci; isetyenziselwa izixhobo kunye neendawo eziphezulu zamandla.

• Intsimbi ye-alloy: Iqulethe iziqalelo ezongezelelweyo zengxubevange ezifana nechromium, nickel, molybdenum, njl. Ezi ntsimbi ziyilelwe iipropathi ezithile ezifana nokomelela okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukudleka, okanye ukumelana nobushushu.Iintsimbi ezikhethekileyo: Ezi ziquka intsimbi yokurhweba, intsimbi yokuthwala, kunye nezinye ezisetyenziselwa izicelo ezithile ezifana ne-aerospace kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto.

Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo: Inganyangeki ekutyeni, ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwindawo apho umhlwa uxhalabisayo (umzekelo, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zokulungisa ukutya, kunye nezityalo zekhemikhali).

Isixhobo sentsimbi: Inzima kakhulu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo kwaye iyafa.

Amandla aphezulu asezantsi-alloy (HSLA) intsimbi: Inika amandla angcono kunye nokuchasana ne-atmospheric corrosion ngelixa ilula kuneentsimbi zekhabhoni zemveli.

3. Jonga Amandla eNsimbi

Tensile strength: Ubungakanani bokunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezinokumelana nokusolulwa okanye ukutsalwa ngaphambi kokuqhekeka. Ukusetyenziswa komthwalo wokuthwala, khetha ibakala lentsimbi kunye namandla afunekayo.

Unikeze Amandla: Uxinzelelo apho into iqala ukonakala ngokusisigxina. Iintsimbi zamandla esivuno esiphezulu zikhethwa kwizakhiwo kunye nezicelo ezikhuselekileyo zokhuseleko.

4. Cinga ngokuqina kwentsimbi

Ukuqina kwentsimbi kubalulekile kwizicelo apho ukuxhathisa ukunxitywa kubalulekile, njengakwizixhobo zokusika, iigiya, okanye izinto zemoto. Iintsimbi eziqinileyo azinakwenzeka ukunxiba ngokuhamba kwexesha kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuwenza umatshini okanye ukuweld.

5. IFactor in Toughness and Ductility

Ukuqina: Ukukwazi kwentsimbi ukufunxa amandla phambi kokuqhekeka. Kubalulekile kwiintsimbi ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwempembelelo.

I-Ductility: Ukukwazi kwentsimbi ukukhubazeka phantsi koxinzelelo. Kwiindawo eziya kugoba okanye zenziwe, uya kufuna intsimbi ene-ductile ngokwaneleyo ukuphepha ukuqhekeka.

6. Qwalasela ukuNgquba ukuNgxwala

Ukuba intsimbi iya kuboniswa kumswakama, iikhemikhali, okanye amanzi etyuwa, ukuxhathisa ukubola kubalulekile. Iintsimbi ezingenastainless (umz., 304, 316) ziyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kwaye ziqhele ukusetyenziswa elwandle, ekusetyenzweni kokutya, nakwizicelo zonyango.

7. Jonga kwiiPropati zokuFakwa kunye ne-Welding

     Ukuweldability: Amanye amabakala entsimbi kulula ukuweld kunabanye. Iintsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephantsi ngokuqhelekileyo zilula ukuwelda, ngelixa iintsimbi ezinekhabhoni ephezulu okanye iintsimbi eziphezulu ze-alloy zinokufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye ukufudumeza kwangaphambili ukuphepha ukuqhekeka.

Ukuqulunqwa: Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukubunjwa okubanzi okanye ukubunjwa (njengokunyathela okanye ukuqengqeleka), uya kufuna intsimbi ekulula ukuyenza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iimpawu zayo zoomatshini.

8. Qwalasela iNkqubo yoNyango loBubushushu

Iintsimbi ezininzi zifumana unyango lobushushu ukuphucula iimpawu zabo zomatshini. Ezinye iintsimbi (ezifana neentsimbi zesixhobo) zinokuphathwa ubushushu ukuze zifikelele ubunzima obuphezulu okanye i-microstructures ethile. Qinisekisa ukuba ibakala olikhethileyo lingafumana unyango olufunekayo lobushushu xa lufuneka kwisicelo sakho.

9. Jonga iMigangatho kunye neNgcaciso

• Khangela imigangatho yoshishino olufanelekileyo (umzekelo, i-ASTM, i-AISI, i-DIN, i-SAE) echaza iipropati kunye neenkcukacha zamabakala ensimbi.
• Qinisekisa ukuba intsimbi oyikhethayo iyahlangabezana nemigangatho efanelekileyo yoshishino lwakho okanye isicelo, nokuba sesakhiwe, sisemotweni, sisemoyeni, okanye ezinye.

10.Qwalasela Iindleko kunye nokuFumana

Ngelixa iintsimbi ezisebenza ngokuphezulu zinokubonelela ngeepropati eziphezulu, nazo ziza ngexabiso eliphezulu. Yenza umlinganiselo wenzuzo malunga neendleko zokuqinisekisa ukuba ibakala lentsimbi lingena kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi yakho. Kwakhona, qwalasela amaxesha okukhokela kunye nokufumaneka - amanye amabakala ensimbi anokuba namaxesha amade okuhanjiswa ngenxa yemfuno okanye imida yemveliso.

Umzekelo wamaBanga eNtsimbi kwiiNkqubo ezahlukeneyo:

• intsimbi eMild (umz., A36): Isetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo, izithuthi, kunye nezicelo zesakhiwo apho amandla aphakathi kunye nokwakheka kufuneka.
• iStainless Steel (umz., 304, 316): Isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukuxhathisa kwi-corrosion ephezulu, njengokulungisa ukutya, izixhobo zekhemikhali, kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
• Isixhobo sentsimbi (umz., D2, M2): Ilungele izixhobo zokusika, ifa, kunye nokubumba ngenxa yobunzima bayo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
• Intsimbi yokuqina okuphezulu (umz., 4140, 4340): Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiimoto, i-aerospace, kunye nosetyenziso lwezixhobo ezinzima ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokudinwa.
• Intsimbi yengxubevange (umz., 4130): Isetyenziswa kwi-aerospace, i-automotive, kunye nemizi-mveliso yokuvelisa apho amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa ukunxiba kubalulekile.

Ukuqukumbela

Ibakala elifanelekileyo lentsimbi yeprojekthi yakho lixhomekeke kwizinto ezilungelelanisayo ezifana namandla, ukuqina, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye neendleko. Ngalo lonke ixesha uthathela ingqalelo iimfuno ezithile zesicelo sakho, kwaye ucinge ngokubonisana neenjineli zezixhobo okanye ababoneleli ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhetha ibakala lentsimbi elilelona lifanelekileyo.