Maganin zafi "hudu gobara"

1. daidaitawa

Kalmar "al'ada" ba ta kwatanta yanayin tsarin ba. Fiye da daidai, tsari ne na homogenization ko gyaran hatsi wanda aka ƙera don sanya abun da ke ciki ya daidaita a ko'ina cikin ɓangaren. Daga ra'ayi na thermal, daidaitawa shine tsari na sanyaya cikin nutsuwa ko iska bayan sashin dumama austenitizing. Yawanci, aikin aikin yana mai zafi zuwa kusan 55°C sama da mahimmin batu akan zane-zane na Fe-Fe3C. Dole ne a yi zafi da wannan tsari don samun lokaci mai kama da austenite. Ainihin zafin jiki da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara da abun da ke cikin karfe, amma yawanci yana kusa da 870 ° C. Saboda ainihin kaddarorin simintin ƙarfe, ana yin al'ada ta yau da kullun kafin ingot machining da kuma kafin tauraruwar simintin ƙarfe da ƙirƙira. Ba a rarraba karafa masu taurin iska a matsayin gyare-gyaren karafa saboda ba sa samun ƙaramin tsarin lu'u-lu'u na daidaitaccen ƙarfe.

2. Annealing

Kalmar annealing tana wakiltar ajin da ke nufin hanyar magani na dumama da riƙewa a yanayin da ya dace sannan kuma sanyaya a daidai lokacin da ya dace, musamman don tausasa ƙarfe yayin samar da wasu kaddarorin da ake so ko ƙananan canje-canje. Dalilan cirewa sun haɗa da ingantattun injina, sauƙin aikin sanyi, ingantattun kayan inji ko na lantarki, da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali, da sauransu. A cikin alluran ƙarfe na tushen ƙarfe, ana yin ɓacin rai yawanci sama da babban zafin jiki mai mahimmanci, amma yanayin zafin lokaci ya bambanta a cikin kewayon zafin jiki da ƙimar sanyaya, dangane da abun da ke ciki na ƙarfe, jihar da sakamakon da ake so. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da kalmar annealing ba tare da cancanta ba, tsoho yana cike da lalacewa. Lokacin da taimako na danniya shine kawai manufar, ana kiran tsarin azaman taimako na damuwa ko damuwa damuwa. A lokacin cikakken annealing, karfe yana mai tsanani zuwa 90 ~ 180 ° C sama da A3 (hypoeutectoid karfe) ko A1 (hypereutectoid karfe), sa'an nan kuma sanyaya a hankali don sa kayan da sauƙi don yanke ko lankwasa. Lokacin da aka share sosai, adadin sanyaya dole ne ya kasance a hankali don samar da lu'u-lu'u mara kyau. A cikin tsari na annealing, jinkirin sanyaya ba lallai ba ne, saboda kowane yanayin sanyaya ƙasa da A1 zai sami microstructure iri ɗaya da taurin.

3. Quenching

Quenching shine saurin sanyaya sassan ƙarfe daga austenitizing ko zafin zafi, yawanci daga kewayon 815 zuwa 870°C. Bakin ƙarfe da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi za a iya kashe shi don rage ƙwayar carbide da ke cikin iyakar hatsi ko don haɓaka rarraba ferrite, amma ga yawancin ƙarfe, gami da ƙarfe na carbon, ƙananan ƙarfe da ƙarfe na kayan aiki, quenching shine don microscopic Ana samun adadin adadin martensite a cikin nama. Manufar ita ce a sami ƙananan ƙirar da ake so, tauri, ƙarfi ko tauri tare da ɗan ƙaramin yuwuwar saura danniya, nakasu da fashe gwargwadon yiwuwa. Ƙarfin wakili na quenching don taurare karfe ya dogara da kaddarorin sanyaya na matsakaicin quenching. Sakamakon quenching ya dogara da abun da ke ciki na karfe, nau'in wakili na quenching da yanayin amfani da wakili na quenching. Zane da kuma kula da tsarin kashe wuta kuma shine mabuɗin samun nasarar quenching.

4. Haushi

A cikin wannan jiyya, a baya taurare ko al'ada karfe yawanci mai tsanani zuwa zazzabi a kasa da ƙananan mahimmin batu da sanyaya a matsakaici kudi, yafi don ƙara roba da taurin, amma kuma don ƙara matrix size size. Tempering na karfe yana sake dumama bayan taurin don samun takamaiman ƙimar kaddarorin inji da sakin damuwa don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali. Yawan zafin jiki yana biye da zafi daga matsanancin zafin jiki.