Unyango lobushushu "imililo emine"

1. Ukulungelelanisa

Igama elithi "normalization" alibonakalisi ubume benkqubo. Ngokuchanekileyo, yi-homogenization okanye inkqubo yokucoca okuziinkozo eyenzelwe ukwenza ukwakheka kuhambelane kuyo yonke indawo. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-thermal, i-normalization yinkqubo yokupholisa ngokuzola okanye impepho emva kwecandelo lokufudumeza okumangalisayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-workpiece ishushu malunga ne-55 ° C ngaphezu kwendawo ebalulekileyo kwidayagram yesigaba se-Fe-Fe3C. Le nkqubo kufuneka ifudunyezwe ukufumana i-homogeneous austenite isigaba. Ubushushu bokwenene obusetyenziswayo buxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwentsimbi, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-870 ° C. Ngenxa yeepropathi zendalo zentsimbi etyhidiweyo, i-normalizing idla ngokuqhutywa phambi kokwenziwa kwe-ingot machining naphambi kokuqina kwentsimbi yokuphosa kunye ne-forgings. Ukucima umoya iintsimbi eziqinisiweyo azihlelwa njengeentsimbi eziqhelekileyo kuba azifumani i-pearlitic microstructure eqhelekileyo yeentsimbi eziqhelekileyo.

2. Ukucoca

Igama elithi annealing limele udidi olubhekiselele kwindlela yonyango yokufudumeza kunye nokubamba kwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo kwaye emva koko ukupholisa ngesantya esifanelekileyo, ngakumbi ukuthambisa isinyithi ngelixa uvelisa ezinye iipropati ezinqwenelekayo okanye utshintsho lwe-microstructural. Izizathu ze-annealing zibandakanya ukuphuculwa kobuchule bokuchwetheza, lula ukusebenza okubandayo, ukuphuculwa kweepropathi zoomatshini okanye zombane, kunye nokwanda kozinzo lwe-dimensional, phakathi kwabanye. Kwii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-iron, i-annealing idla ngokuqhutywa ngaphezu kobushushu obuphezulu, kodwa ukudibanisa kwexesha lobushushu kuyahluka ngokubanzi kuluhlu lweqondo lokushisa kunye nesantya sokupholisa, kuxhomekeke kukwakheka kwentsimbi, imeko kunye neziphumo ezifunwayo. Xa igama elithi annealing lisetyenzisiwe ngaphandle kwe-qualifier, ukungagqibeki kukuvala ngokupheleleyo. Xa ukukhululeka koxinzelelo kuyinjongo yodwa, inkqubo ibizwa ngokuba sisiqabu soxinzelelo okanye i-stress annealing. Ngethuba lokutshisa ngokupheleleyo, insimbi ishushu kwi-90 ~ 180 ° C ngaphezu kwe-A3 (insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid) okanye i-A1 (insimbi ye-hypereutectoid), kwaye ipholile ngokukhawuleza ukwenza izinto zibe lula ukusika okanye ukugoba. Xa ifakwe ngokupheleleyo, izinga lokupholisa kufuneka licothe kakhulu ukuvelisa i pearlite erhabaxa. Kwinkqubo ye-annealing, ukupholisa okucothayo akuyimfuneko, kuba nayiphi na isantya sokupholisa ngaphantsi kwe-A1 iya kufumana i-microstructure efanayo kunye nobunzima.

3. Ukucima

Ukucima kukupholisa okukhawulezileyo kwamalungu entsimbi ukusuka kwiqondo lobushushu le-austenitizing okanye isisombululo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kuluhlu lwama-815 ukuya kuma-870°C. Insimbi engenasici kunye ne-alloy high-alloy iyakwazi ukucinywa ukunciphisa i-carbide ekhoyo kumda wengqolowa okanye ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwe-ferrite, kodwa kwiintsimbi ezininzi, ezibandakanya i-carbon steel, i-low-alloy steel kunye nesixhobo sensimbi, ukucima i-microscopic A isixa esilawulwayo se-martensite sifunyenwe kwi-tissue. Injongo kukufumana i-microstructure efunekayo, ubulukhuni, amandla okanye ukuqina kunye namandla amancinci oxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, ukuguqulwa kunye nokuqhekeka ngokusemandleni. Ikhono le-agent yokucima ukuqinisa intsimbi kuxhomekeke kwiipropati zokupholisa kwi-medium quenching. Umphumo wokucima uxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwentsimbi, uhlobo lwe-agent yokucima kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-agent ecimayo. Uyilo kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo yokucima kwakhona isitshixo kwimpumelelo yokucima.

4. Ukufudumeza

Kolu nyango, intsimbi ebikade iqinisiwe okanye eyesiqhelo idla ngokufudunyezwa kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kwendawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ipholile ngesantya esiphakathi, ikakhulu ukunyusa iplastikhi kunye nokuqina, kodwa nokwandisa ubungakanani beenkozo zematrix. I-Tempering yentsimbi iphinda ifudumale emva kokuqina ukufumana ixabiso elithile leepropati zemishini kunye nokukhulula uxinzelelo lokucima ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-dimensional. Ukufudumala ngokuqhelekileyo kulandelwa kukucima ukusuka kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.