Chithandizo cha kutentha "moto anayi"

1. Kukhazikika

Mawu oti "normalization" samasonyeza chikhalidwe cha ndondomekoyi. Kunena zowona, ndi homogenization kapena kukonza mbewu zokonzedwa kuti zipangike kuti zigwirizane ndi gawo lonse. Kuchokera kumalo otentha, normalizing ndi njira yoziziritsira mwakachetechete kapena mphepo pambuyo pa gawo la kutentha kwa austenitizing. Nthawi zambiri, chogwiriracho chimatenthedwa mpaka pafupifupi 55 ° C pamwamba pa mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa chithunzi cha Fe-Fe3C. Njirayi iyenera kutenthedwa kuti ipeze gawo lofanana la austenite. Kutentha kwenikweni komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadalira kapangidwe kachitsulo, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 870 ° C. Chifukwa katundu chibadidwe zitsulo kuponyedwa, normalizing nthawi zambiri anachita ingot Machining ndi isanayambe kuumitsa castings zitsulo ndi forgings. Zitsulo zozimitsa mpweya sizimayikidwa ngati zitsulo zokhazikika chifukwa sizikhala ndi pearlitic microstructure yofanana ndi zitsulo zokhazikika.

2. Kudziletsa

Mawu akuti annealing amaimira kalasi yomwe imatanthawuza njira yochizira yotenthetsera ndikusunga kutentha koyenera ndiyeno kuziziritsa pamlingo woyenera, makamaka kufewetsa chitsulo ndikutulutsa zinthu zina zofunika kapena kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono. Zifukwa zowonjezeredwa ndi monga kukhathamiritsa kwa makina, kusavuta kugwira ntchito mozizira, kusinthika kwamakina kapena magetsi, komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe, pakati pa ena. Muzitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo, annealing nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pamwamba pa kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, koma kutentha kwa nthawi kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana kutentha ndi kuzizira, kutengera chitsulo, dziko ndi zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Pamene liwu lakuti annealing likugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda woyenerera, kusasinthika kumakhala kokwanira. Pamene mpumulo ndi cholinga chokha, njirayi imatchedwa kuchepetsa nkhawa kapena kuchepetsa nkhawa. Panthawi ya annealing, chitsulo chimatenthedwa mpaka 90 ~ 180 ° C pamwamba pa A3 (chitsulo cha hypoeutectoid) kapena A1 (chitsulo cha hypereutectoid), kenako chimakhazikika pang'onopang'ono kuti zinthuzo zikhale zosavuta kudula kapena kupindika. Ikatenthedwa bwino, kuziziritsa kuyenera kukhala kochedwa kwambiri kuti kupangitse pearlite yolimba. M'kati mwa annealing, kuzizira pang'onopang'ono sikofunikira, chifukwa kuzizira kulikonse pansi pa A1 kudzapeza microstructure yofanana ndi kuuma.

3. Kuzimitsa

Kuzimitsa ndiko kuzizira kofulumira kwa zigawo zachitsulo kuchokera ku kutentha kwa austenitizing kapena solutionizing, makamaka kuchokera pa 815 mpaka 870 ° C. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi aloyi mkulu akhoza kuzimitsidwa kuchepetsa carbide alipo mu malire a tirigu kapena kupititsa patsogolo kugawa ferrite, koma zitsulo zambiri, kuphatikizapo carbon zitsulo, otsika aloyi zitsulo ndi chida zitsulo, quenching ndi yaying'ono A ankalamulira kuchuluka kwa martensite analandira mu minofu. Cholinga ndikupeza microstructure yomwe mukufuna, kuuma, mphamvu kapena kulimba ndi kuthekera kochepa kwa kupsinjika kotsalira, kusinthika ndi kusweka momwe mungathere. Kukhoza kwa chozimitsira kulimbitsa chitsulo kumadalira kuzizira kwa sing'anga yozimitsa. Kuzimitsa kumadalira pakupanga chitsulo, mtundu wa quenching wothandizira ndi zikhalidwe zogwiritsira ntchito wothandizira kuzimitsa. Kukonzekera ndi kukonza dongosolo lozimitsa ndilonso chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa kuzimitsa.

4. Kutentha

Pochiza izi, chitsulo cholimba kapena chokhazikika nthawi zambiri chimatenthedwa mpaka kutentha pansi pa mfundo yotsika kwambiri ndikukhazikika pamlingo wocheperako, makamaka kuonjezera pulasitiki ndi kulimba, komanso kuonjezera kukula kwambewu ya matrix. Kutentha kwachitsulo kumatenthedwa pambuyo poumitsa kuti mupeze mtengo wina wazinthu zamakina ndikumasula kupsinjika kozimitsa kuonetsetsa bata. Kutentha nthawi zambiri kumatsatiridwa ndi kuzimitsa kuchokera kumtunda wovuta kwambiri.