Ukwelashwa kokushisa "imililo emine"

1. Ukujwayela

Igama elithi "normalization" alibonakali uhlobo lwenqubo. Ngokunembe kakhudlwana, kuyinqubo ye-homogenization noma yokuthuthukisa okusanhlamvu eklanyelwe ukwenza ukwakheka kuhambisane kuyo yonke ingxenye. Ngokombono oshisayo, ukujwayela kuyinqubo yokupholisa ngokuthula noma umoya ohelezayo ngemva kwesigaba sokushisa esiqinisayo. Ngokuvamile, i-workpiece ishiselwa cishe ku-55°C ngaphezu kwephuzu elibalulekile kumdwebo wesigaba se-Fe-Fe3C. Le nqubo kumele ishiswe ukuze kutholwe isigaba se-austenite se-homogeneous. Izinga lokushisa langempela elisetshenziswayo lincike ekubunjweni kwensimbi, kodwa ngokuvamile liba ngu-870°C. Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezingokwemvelo zensimbi ecijile, ukulinganisa kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphambi komshini we-ingot nangaphambi kokuqina kokusakazwa kwensimbi nokufogiswa. Izinsimbi ezicisha umoya eziqinile azihlukaniswa njengezinsimbi ezijwayelekile ngenxa yokuthi azitholi i-pearlitic microstructure evamile yezinsimbi ezijwayelekile.

2. Ukukhipha

Igama elithi annealing limelela ikilasi elisho indlela yokwelapha yokushisisa nokubamba ezingeni lokushisa elifanele bese lipholisa ngesilinganiso esifanele, ikakhulukazi ukuthambisa insimbi kuyilapho kukhiqiza ezinye izici ezifiselekayo noma izinguquko zesakhiwo esincane. Izizathu zokuhoxisa zihlanganisa ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, ukusebenza kalula okubandayo, izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini noma zikagesi, kanye nokukhula kokuqina kwe-dimensional, phakathi kokunye. Kuma-alloys asekelwe ku-iron, i-annealing ngokuvamile yenziwa ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi eliphezulu, kodwa inhlanganisela yezinga lokushisa lesikhathi iyahlukahluka kakhulu ebangeni lokushisa kanye nezinga lokupholisa, kuye ngokubunjwa kwensimbi, isimo kanye nemiphumela oyifunayo. Uma igama elithi annealing lisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwe-qualifier, okumisiwe kungu-annealing egcwele. Uma ukukhululeka kwengcindezi kuyinhloso yodwa, inqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukukhululeka kwengcindezi noma ukuqeda ingcindezi. Phakathi ne-annealing egcwele, insimbi iyashisisa ibe ngu-90 ~ 180°C ngaphezu kwe-A3 (insimbi ye-hypoeutectoid) noma i-A1 (insimbi ye-hypereutectoid), bese ipholiswa kancane ukuze kube lula ukusikwa noma ukugoba. Uma isifakwe ngokugcwele, izinga lokupholisa kufanele liphuze kakhulu ukukhiqiza i-pearlite eqinile. Enqubweni yokudonsa, ukupholisa kancane akudingekile, ngoba noma yiliphi izinga lokupholisa elingaphansi kwe-A1 lizothola i-microstructure efanayo nobulukhuni.

3. Ukucisha

Ukucisha ukupholisa okusheshayo kwezingxenye zensimbi kusuka kumazinga okushisa aqinile noma axazulula izinkinga, ngokuvamile ukusuka ebangeni lika-815 kuya ku-870°C. Insimbi engagqwali kanye ne-high-alloy steel ingacinywa ukuze kuncishiswe i-carbide ekhona emngceleni wokusanhlamvu noma ukuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-ferrite, kodwa ezinsimbi eziningi, kuhlanganise ne-carbon steel, insimbi ephansi ye-alloy kanye nensimbi yamathuluzi, ukucinywa kungokwe-microscopic A inani elilawulwayo le-martensite litholakala kuzicubu. Umgomo ukuthola i-microstructure oyifunayo, ubulukhuni, amandla noma ukuqina ngamandla amancane okucindezeleka okusalayo, ukuguqulwa nokuqhekeka ngangokunokwenzeka. Ikhono le-ejenti yokucisha ukwenza lukhuni insimbi incike ezintweni zokupholisa ze-medium quenching. Umphumela wokucisha uncike ekubunjweni kwensimbi, uhlobo lwe-ejenti yokucisha kanye nemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwe-ejenti yokucisha. Ukuklanywa nokugcinwa kwesimiso sokucisha kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yokucisha.

4. Ukuthukuthela

Kulokhu kwelashwa, insimbi ebikade iqinile noma eyejwayelekile ivamise ukushiselwa ekushiseni okungaphansi kwephuzu elibalulekile eliphansi futhi ipholiswe ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ukuze kwandiswe ipulasitiki nokuqina, kodwa futhi nokwandisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu we-matrix. Ukushisa kwensimbi kushisa kabusha ngemva kokuqina ukuze kutholwe inani elithile lezakhiwo zemishini futhi kudedelwe ingcindezi yokucima ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwe-dimensional. Ukushisa kuvame ukulandelwa ukucisha kusuka ekushiseni okuphezulu okubucayi.