Kupisa kupisa "moto mina"

1. Normalizing

Izwi rekuti "normalization" hariratidzi maitiro ekuita. Zvikuru chaizvo, ihomogenization kana gadziriso yezviyo yakagadzirirwa kuita kuti kuumbwa kuenderane muchikamu chose. Kubva pakuona kwekupisa, normalizing inzira yekutonhodza mukunyarara kana mhepo mushure mechikamu chekudziya che austenitizing. Kazhinji, iyo workpiece inopisa kusvika ku55 ° C pamusoro peiyo yakakosha poindi paFe-Fe3C chikamu dhayagiramu. Iyi nzira inofanirwa kupiswa kuti iwane homogeneous austenite chikamu. Kupisa chaiko kunoshandiswa kunoenderana nekuumbwa kwesimbi, asi kazhinji kunosvika 870°C. Nekuda kwezvakazvarwa zvivakwa zvesimbi yakakandwa, normalizing inowanzoitwa isati yaitwa ingot machining uye isati yaoma simbi castings uye forgings. Mhepo inodzima simbi dzakaomeswa hadzina kuverengerwa sesimbi dzakagadzika nekuti hadzitore iyo pearlitic microstructure yakafanana neyakajairwa simbi.

2. Anealing

Izwi rekuti annealing rinomiririra kirasi inoreva nzira yekurapa yekudziya uye kubata patembiricha yakakodzera uyezve kutonhora pamwero wakakodzera, kunyanya kupfavisa simbi uku uchigadzira zvimwe zvinodiwa kana shanduko ye microstructural. Zvikonzero zvekuvhara zvinosanganisira kuvandudza machinability, kusununguka kwekushanda kunotonhora, kuvandudzwa kwemakanika kana magetsi zvivakwa, uye kuwedzera dimensional kugadzikana, pakati pezvimwe. Mune iron-based alloys, annealing inowanzoitwa pamusoro peiyo tembiricha yakakosha, asi musanganiswa wetembiricha wenguva unosiyana zvakanyanya mukupisa uye mwero wekutonhora, zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwesimbi, mamiriro uye mhedzisiro yaunoda. Kana izwi rekuti annealing richishandiswa pasina qualifier, iyo default ndeye yakazara annealing. Kana kushushikana mupfungwa ndicho chinangwa chega, maitiro acho anonzi zororo rekushushikana kana kushushikana kwekunetseka annealing. Munguva yekuzara kwakazara, simbi inopisa kusvika 90 ~ 180 ° C pamusoro peA3 (hypoeutectoid simbi) kana A1 (hypereutectoid steel), uye inotonhorera zvishoma nezvishoma kuita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kucheka kana kukotama. Kana yanyura zvizere, mwero wekutonhora unofanirwa kunonoka kuburitsa coarse pearlite. Mukuita kwekuvhara, kunonoka kutonhora hakufanirwe, nekuti chero chiyero chekutonhora pazasi peA1 chinowana yakafanana microstructure uye kuoma.

3. Kudzima

Kudzima ndiko kukurumidza kutonhora kwezvikamu zvesimbi kubva kune austenitizing kana kugadzirisa tembiricha, kazhinji kubva pakati pe815 kusvika 870°C. Simbi isina tsvina uye yakakwirira-alloy simbi inogona kudzimwa kuderedza carbide iripo mumuganhu wezviyo kana kuvandudza kugoverwa kweferrite, asi nokuda kwesimbi yakawanda, kusanganisira carbon steel, low-alloy steel uye tool steel, quenching ndeye microscopic A inodzorwa yakawanda ye martensite inowanikwa munyama. Chinangwa ndechekuwana iyo yaunoda microstructure, kuoma, simba kana kuomarara nekashoma mukana wekusara kunetseka, deformation uye kupaza sezvinobvira. Iko kugona kweanodzima mumiriri kuomesa simbi kunoenderana nekutonhora kwenzvimbo yekudzima. Mhedzisiro yekudzima inoenderana nekuumbwa kwesimbi, rudzi rwekudzima mumiriri uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kweanodzima. Magadzirirwo uye kuchengetedzwa kweiyo quenching system ndiyo zvakare kiyi yekubudirira kwekudzima.

4. Kushatirwa

Mukurapa uku, simbi yaimbove yakaoma kana yakajairwa inowanzo kudziya kune tembiricha pazasi peyakanyanya kukosha poindi uye yakatonhodzwa pamwero wepakati, kunyanya kuwedzera plastiki uye kuoma, asiwo kuwedzera matrix saizi yezviyo. Kupisa kwesimbi kuri kudziyisazve mushure mekuomeswa kuti uwane humwe kukosha hwemakinari zvivakwa uye kusunungura kudzima kushushikana kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwedimensional. Kupisa kunowanzo kuteverwa nekudzima kubva kumusoro kwakanyanya kupisa tembiricha.