Karfe da farko shine gami da ƙarfe da carbon, amma yawanci, abun cikin carbon ɗin bai wuce 2%. Ba shi da yawa, amma carbon shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci wanda ke rinjayar ƙarfinsa da taurinsa. Bakin karfe wani abu ne mai dauke da baƙin ƙarfe, chromium, nickel, da wasu lokuta wasu abubuwa kamar molybdenum. Chromium yana sa bakin karfe yayi matukar juriya ga lalata.

• Karfe Karfe: Abubuwan farko sune ƙarfe da carbon, tare da abun ciki na carbon yawanci jere daga 0.2% zuwa 2.1%. Sauran abubuwa, irin su manganese, silicon, phosphorus, da sulfur, na iya kasancewa a cikin ƙananan adadi.
• Bakin Karfe: Da farko ya ƙunshi baƙin ƙarfe, carbon, kuma aƙalla 10.5% chromium (wani lokacin ma nickel). Ƙarin chromium yana da mahimmanci saboda yana amsawa tare da iskar oxygen a cikin iska don samar da Layer na chromium oxide mai yawa, wanda ke ba da bakin karfe kayansa mai jure tsatsa da lalata.

Bambance a cikin Properties

Saboda bambance-bambance a cikin abun da ke ciki, bakin karfe da karfe kuma suna da kaddarorin mabanbanta. Ba kamar karfe na yau da kullun ba, bakin karfe yana ƙunshe da chromium, wanda ke samar da Layer oxide mai kariya wanda ke hana tsatsa da lalata.

Dangane da kyawawan halaye, bakin karfe ya fi gogewa da zamani fiye da karfe na yau da kullun. Yawancin nau'ikan karfen carbon suna maganadisu, wanda zai iya zama fa'ida a wasu aikace-aikace. Amma bakin karfe, kamar 304 ko 316, ba Magnetic bane.

Karfe VS Bakin Karfe : Tsarukan Masana'antu

Ayyukan masana'antu don ƙarfe da bakin karfe sun ƙunshi matakai da yawa na samarwa don canza albarkatun ƙasa zuwa samfuran ƙarshe. Anan akwai mahimman hanyoyin masana'antu waɗanda ke cikin samar da ƙarfe da bakin karfe:

Hanyoyin Kera Karfe

A. Yin ƙarfe

A lokacin wannan tsari, ana ciyar da tama na ƙarfe, coke (carbon), da fulxes (limestone) a cikin tanderun fashewa. Tsananin zafi yana narkar da taman ƙarfe, kuma carbon ɗin yana rage baƙin ƙarfe oxide, yana samar da narkakkar ƙarfe, wanda aka sani da ƙarfe mai zafi.

B. Ƙarfe

Ɗauki ainihin tsarin wutar lantarki (BOF) a matsayin misali. Tsarin BOF ya ƙunshi cajin ƙarfe mai zafi na tanderun fashewa ko DRI cikin jirgin ruwa mai juyawa. Ana hura iskar oxygen mai tsabta a cikin jirgin ruwa, yana fitar da datti da rage abun cikin carbon don samar da karfe.

C. Ci gaba da Yin Wasa

Ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyare shine lokacin da aka jefar da narkakken ƙarfe cikin samfuran da ba a gama ba, kamar su tukwane, billet, ko furanni. Ya ƙunshi zub da narkakkar ɗin a cikin injin da aka sanyaya ruwa da kuma ƙarfafa shi zuwa madaidaicin madauri. Sa'an nan kuma a yanke igiyar zuwa tsayin da ake so.

D. Samar da Siffatawa

Mirgina: Samfuran ƙarfe da aka kammala daga ci gaba da yin simintin gyare-gyare ana mirgina a cikin injin mirgina mai zafi ko sanyi don rage kauri, haɓaka ingancin ƙasa, da cimma ƙimar da ake so.

Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira: Ƙirƙira tsari ne inda ake siffanta ƙarfe mai zafi ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfi. An fi amfani da shi don kera abubuwan da ke buƙatar ƙarfi da ƙarfi.

Hanyoyin Kera Bakin Karfe

A. Bakin Karfe Production

Narkewa: Bakin ƙarfe ana samar da shi ta hanyar narkewar haɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, chromium, nickel, da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin tanderun baka na lantarki ko tanderun ƙarar.

Refining: Bakin karfe narkar da narkakkar yana jujjuya hanyoyin tsaftacewa kamar argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) ko vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) don daidaita abun da ke ciki, cire ƙazanta, da sarrafa abubuwan da ake so.

B. Samar da Siffatawa

Hot Rolling: Bakin karfe ingots ko slabs ana zafi da kuma wuce ta cikin zafi birgima niƙa don rage kauri da kuma siffata su zuwa coils, zanen gado, ko faranti.

Cold Rolling: Sanyi mirgina yana kara rage kaurin bakin karfe kuma yana ba da abubuwan da ake so. Hakanan yana haɓaka kaddarorin inji da daidaiton girma.

C. Maganin Zafi

Annealing: Bakin karfe yana jurewa, tsarin kula da zafi, don sauƙaƙa damuwa na ciki da haɓaka ductility, machinability, da juriya na lalata.

Quenching and Tempering: Wasu maki na bakin karfe suna fuskantar quenching da yanayin zafi don haɓaka kayan aikin injin su, kamar taurin, tauri, da ƙarfi.

D. Hanyoyin Ƙarshe

Pickling: Ana iya tsinke saman bakin karfe a cikin maganin acid don cire ma'auni, oxides, da sauran gurɓataccen ƙasa.

Passivation: Passivation magani ne na sinadarai wanda ke haɓaka juriyar lalata ta bakin karfe ta hanyar samar da Layer oxide mai kariya a saman.

Takamaiman hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na iya bambanta dangane da nau'in karfe ko bakin karfe da ake so da aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya na samfurin ƙarshe.

Karfe VS Bakin Karfe: Ƙarfi da Dorewa

Ƙarfin ƙarfe da farko ya dogara da abubuwan da ke cikin carbon da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, kamar su manganese, silicon, da adadin abubuwan da aka gano. Ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, irin su ƙananan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (HSLA) da ƙananan ƙarfe masu ƙarfi (AHSS), ana amfani da su a aikace-aikacen buƙatu kamar masana'antar kera motoci da gini. Bakin karfe gabaɗaya yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da ƙarfe, amma har yanzu yana da isasshen ƙarfi don yawancin aikace-aikace.

Karfe VS Bakin Karfe: Kwatanta Kuɗi

Dangane da farashi, ƙarfe gabaɗaya yana da arha fiye da bakin karfe, wanda ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai dacewa da kasafin kuɗi don ayyuka da yawa, kamar yadda bakin karfe ya fi ƙarfe tsadar ƙira fiye da ƙarfe, duka cikin tsarin samarwa da abun ciki.

Karfe VS Bakin Karfe: Aikace-aikace

Karfe da bakin karfe ne m kayan amfani a daban-daban aikace-aikace a fadin daban-daban masana'antu. Karfe, tare da ƙarfinsa da ɗorewa, ana samun yawanci a cikin ayyukan gine-gine kamar gadoji, gine-gine, da ababen more rayuwa. Shahararren zaɓi ne don abubuwan haɗin ginin.

Abubuwan da ke jure lalata bakin karfe sun sa ya dace don yanayin da ake damuwa da danshi ko sinadarai. Wannan ya sa bakin karfe ya zama babban zaɓi don kayan dafa abinci, kayan sarrafa abinci, na'urorin likitanci, da kayan ado.

A cikin masana'antar kera motoci, duka kayan biyu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa - galibi ana amfani da ƙarfe a cikin firam ɗin abin hawa don ƙarfinsa, yayin da bakin karfe ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye saboda jure yanayin zafi da lalata.

Kammalawa

Babban bambanci tsakanin karfe na yau da kullun da bakin karfe shinejuriya na lalata. Duk da yake karfe na yau da kullun yana da ƙarfi amma yana yiwuwa ga tsatsa, bakin karfe na iya tsayayya da tsatsa saboda kasancewar chromium, wanda ke samar da Layer oxide mai kariya. Dangane da aikace-aikacen, zaku iya zaɓar kayan da ya dace don daidaita aiki da farashi.