Insimbi ngokuyinhloko iyingxubevange yensimbi nekhabhoni, kodwa ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kungaphansi kuka-2%. Akuningi, kodwa ikhabhoni iyisici esibalulekile esithonya amandla nokuqina kwayo. Insimbi engagqwali iyingxubevange equkethe insimbi, i-chromium, i-nickel, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nezinye izakhi ezifana ne-molybdenum. I-chromium yenza insimbi engagqwali imelane kahle nokugqwala.

• Insimbi Yekhabhoni: Izingxenye eziyinhloko ziyinsimbi nekhabhoni, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuvamise ukusukela ku-0.2% kuya ku-2.1%. Ezinye izakhi, njenge-manganese, i-silicon, i-phosphorus, nesibabule, zingase zibe khona ngamanani amancane.
• Insimbi engagqwali: Ngokuyinhloko iqukethe insimbi, ikhabhoni, kanye ne-chromium okungenani engu-10.5% (ngezinye izikhathi nayo i-nickel). Ukwengezwa kwe-chromium kubalulekile ngoba ihlangana nomoya-mpilo osemoyeni ukuze yakhe ungqimba oluminyene lwe-chromium oxide, olunikeza insimbi engagqwali izakhiwo zayo ezimelana nokugqwala kanye nezindawo ezimelana nokugqwala.

Ihluke Ngezakhiwo

Ngenxa yomehluko ekubunjweni, insimbi engagqwali nensimbi nakho kunezindawo ezihluke kakhulu. Ngokungafani nensimbi evamile, insimbi engagqwali iqukethe i-chromium, eyenza ungqimba lwe-oxide oluvikelayo oluvimbela ukugqwala nokugqwala.

Ngokwezimfanelo zobuhle, insimbi engagqwali iphucuzekile futhi yesimanje kunensimbi evamile. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-carbon steel zikazibuthe, ezingaba wusizo ezinhlelweni ezithile. Kodwa insimbi engagqwali, njenge-304 noma i-316, ayiyona i-magnetic.

Insimbi VS Insimbi Engagqwali : Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza

Izinqubo zokukhiqiza insimbi nensimbi engagqwali zibandakanya izigaba eziningana zokukhiqiza ukuze kuguqulwe izinto ezingavuthiwe zibe imikhiqizo yokugcina. Nazi izinqubo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni insimbi nensimbi engagqwali:

Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza Insimbi

A. Ukwenza insimbi

Phakathi nale nqubo, insimbi yensimbi, i-coke (ikhabhoni), nama-fluxes (itshe le-limestone) kufakwa esithandweni somlilo. Ukushisa okunamandla kuncibilikisa insimbi, futhi ikhabhoni inciphisa i-iron oxide, ikhiqize insimbi encibilikisiwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi insimbi eshisayo.

B. Ukwenza insimbi

Thatha inqubo ye-basic oxygen furnace (BOF) njengesibonelo. Inqubo ye-BOF ihlanganisa ukushaja insimbi eshisayo yesithando somlilo noma i-DRI emkhunjini wokuguqula. I-oksijini ehlanzekile kakhulu ishaywa esikebheni, i-oxidizing ukungcola futhi inciphise okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ukuze kukhiqizwe insimbi.

C. Ukulingisa Okuqhubekayo

Ukubunjwa okuqhubekayo kulapho insimbi encibilikisiwe iphonswa emikhiqizweni ecishe iqedwe, njengama-slabs, amabhilidi, noma ama-blooms. Kuhilela ukuthululela insimbi encibilikisiwe esikhunjeni esipholile ngamanzi futhi siyiqinise ibe umucu oqhubekayo. Umcu ube ususikwa ube ubude obufunayo.

D. Ukubumba kanye Nokubunjwa

I-Rolling: Imikhiqizo yensimbi ecishe iqedwe kusukela ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo igoqwa ezigayweni ezishisayo noma ezibandayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukujiya, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yangaphezulu, futhi kuzuzwe ubukhulu obufunekayo.

Ukubumba: Ukubumba kuyinqubo lapho insimbi efudumalayo yakheka khona kusetshenziswa amandla acindezelayo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezidinga amandla aphezulu nokuqina.

Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza Insimbi Engagqwali

A. Ukukhiqizwa Kwensimbi Engagqwali

Ukuncibilika: Insimbi engagqwali ikhiqizwa ngokuncibilikisa inhlanganisela yensimbi yensimbi, i-chromium, i-nickel, nezinye izakhi ze-alloying ezithandweni zikagesi ze-arc noma eziko lokungeniswa.

Ukucwenga: Insimbi engagqwali encibilikisiwe ingena ezinqubweni zokucwenga ezifana ne-argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) noma i-vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) ukuze ilungise ukwakheka, isuse ukungcola, futhi ilawule izakhiwo ezidingekayo.

B. Ukubumba kanye Nokubunjwa

I-Hot Rolling: Ama-ingots ensimbi engagqwali noma ama-slabs ayashiswa futhi adlule ezigayweni ezishisayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukujiya futhi azilolonge abe amakhoyili, amashidi, noma amapuleti.

I-Cold Rolling: Ukugoqa okubandayo kunciphisa ukujiya kwensimbi engagqwali futhi kunikeze ukuqedwa kwendawo oyithandayo. Iphinde ithuthukise izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokunemba kwe-dimensional.

C. Ukwelashwa Kokushisa

I-Annealing: Insimbi engagqwali ingena e-annealing, inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa, ukuze ikhulule izingcindezi zangaphakathi futhi ithuthukise i-ductility yayo, i-machinability, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.

Ukucisha kanye Nokushisa: Amanye amabanga ensimbi engagqwali abhekana nezinqubo zokucisha nezokushisisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici zawo zemishini, njengokuqina, ukuqina, namandla.

D. Ukuqeda Izinqubo

I-Pickling: Izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali zingase zifakwe emanzini anosawoti esixazululweni se-asidi ukuze kususwe isikali, ama-oxide, nokunye ukungcola okungaphezulu.

I-Passivation: I-Passivation ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali ngokwenza ungqimba lwe-oxide oluvikelayo phezulu.

Izinqubo ezithile ezisetshenziswayo zingahluka kuye ngensimbi efunwayo noma ibanga lensimbi engagqwali kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe komkhiqizo wokugcina.

Insimbi VS Insimbi Engagqwali : Amandla Nokuqina

Amandla ensimbi ancike ngokuyinhloko kokuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni nezinye izakhi ze-alloying, njenge-manganese, i-silicon, namanani okulandela umkhondo wezingxenye ezahlukene. Izinsimbi eziqine kakhulu, ezifana ne-high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) nezinsimbi ezithuthukisiwe zamandla aphezulu (AHSS), zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinzima ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto nokwakha. Insimbi engagqwali ngokuvamile inamandla aphansi kunensimbi, kodwa isenamandla anele ezinsizeni eziningi.

Insimbi VS Insimbi Engagqwali : Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindleko

Ngokwentengo, insimbi ngokuvamile ishibhile kunensimbi engagqwali, okwenza kube ukukhetha kwesabelomali kumaphrojekthi amaningi, njengoba insimbi engagqwali ibiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza kunensimbi, kokubili ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza nokubunjwa.

Insimbi VS Insimbi Engagqwali : Izicelo

Insimbi nensimbi engagqwali kuyizinto ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Insimbi, namandla ayo nokuqina kwayo, ivame ukutholakala kumaphrojekthi wokwakha njengamabhuloho, izakhiwo, nengqalasizinda. Kuyisinqumo esidumile sezingxenye zesakhiwo.

Izakhiwo zensimbi engagqwali zimelana nokugqwala ziyenza ilungele izindawo lapho ukuchayeka kumswakama noma amakhemikhali kuwukukhathazeka. Lokhu kwenza insimbi engagqwali ibe ukukhetha okuphezulu ezintweni zikagesi zasekhishini, okokusebenza kokucubungula ukudla, izinto zezokwelapha, nobucwebe.

Embonini yezimoto, zombili izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidlala indima ebalulekile—insimbi ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumafreyimu ezimoto ngamandla ayo, kuyilapho insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokukhipha umoya ngenxa yokumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala.

Isiphetho

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwensimbi evamile nensimbi engagqwaliukumelana nokugqwala. Nakuba insimbi evamile iqinile kodwa ijwayele ukugqwala, insimbi engagqwali ingamelana nokugqwala ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-chromium, eyenza ungqimba lwe-oxide oluvikelayo. Ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza, ungakhetha izinto ezifanele ukuze ulinganisele ukusebenza nezindleko.