304 kalasi yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: 0Cr18Ni9 (0Cr19Ni9) 06Cr19Ni9 S30408
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala: C: ≤0.08, Si: ≤1.0 Mn: ≤2.0, Cr: 18.0～20.0, Ni: 8.0～10.5, S: ≤0.03, P: ≤0.035 N≤0.1.
304L imalimbana ndi dzimbiri ndipo 304L imakhala ndi mpweya wochepa.
304 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yokhala ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutentha, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa kutentha ndi mphamvu zamakina; zabwino kutentha workability monga chidindo ndi kupinda, ndipo palibe kutentha mankhwala kuumitsa chodabwitsa (osakhala maginito, utumiki kutentha -196 ° C ~ 800 ° C).
304L imalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri m'malire a tirigu pambuyo kuwotcherera kapena kupumula kupsinjika; imathanso kusunga kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri popanda chithandizo cha kutentha, komanso kutentha kwautumiki ndi -196 ° C-800 ° C.

Basic situation:

Malinga ndi njira yopanga, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kugudubuza kotentha ndi kuzizira kozizira, ndipo kumatha kugawidwa m'mitundu 5 molingana ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wazitsulo: mtundu wa austenitic, mtundu wa austenite-ferritic, mtundu wa ferritic, mtundu wa martensitic, ndi mtundu wamvula wowumitsa. Pamafunika kupirira dzimbiri zosiyanasiyana zidulo monga asidi oxalic, sulfuric asidi-ferric sulfate, asidi nitric, nitric asidi-hydrofluoric asidi, sulfuric asidi-mkuwa sulphate, asidi phosphoric, asidi formic, acetic acid, etc. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala makampani, chakudya, mankhwala, mankhwala, petroleum, etc. zomangamanga, ziwiya za kukhitchini, tableware, magalimoto, mbali zosiyanasiyana za zipangizo zapakhomo.
Chitsulo chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi malo osalala, mapulasitiki apamwamba, kulimba ndi mphamvu zamakina, ndipo sagwirizana ndi dzimbiri ndi ma acid, mpweya wa alkaline, zothetsera ndi zina. Ndi chitsulo cha alloy chomwe sichapafupi kuchita dzimbiri, koma chimakhala chosachita dzimbiri.
Chitsulo chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri Malinga ndi njira yopangira, chikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kugudubuza kotentha ndi kuzizira kozizira, kuphatikizapo mbale yozizira yopyapyala yokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.02-4 mm ndi mbale yapakati ndi yakuda ndi makulidwe a 4.5-100 mm.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zamakina monga mphamvu zokolola, mphamvu zowonongeka, kutambasula ndi kuuma kwa mbale zosiyanasiyana zosapanga dzimbiri zimakwaniritsa zofunikira, mbale zazitsulo ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha monga annealing, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi chithandizo cha ukalamba musanabereke. 05.10 88.57.29.38 zizindikiro zapadera
Kukana kwa dzimbiri zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri makamaka zimadalira kapangidwe kake ka aloyi (chromium, faifi tambala, titaniyamu, silicon, aluminiyamu, etc.) ndi kapangidwe mkati, ndipo udindo waukulu ndi chromium. Chromium ili ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala ndipo imatha kupanga filimu yodutsa pamwamba pazitsulo kuti ilekanitse zitsulo kuchokera kudziko lakunja, kuteteza mbale yachitsulo ku okosijeni, ndi kuonjezera kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa mbale yachitsulo. Pambuyo filimu ya passivation ikuwonongedwa, kukana kwa dzimbiri kumachepa.

National Standard Natural:

Mphamvu yolimba (Mpa) 520
Mphamvu zokolola (Mpa) 205-210
Elongation (%) 40%
Kuuma HB187 HRB90 HV200
Kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi 7.93 g/cm3. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito mtengo uwu. 304 chromium content (%) 17.00-19.00, nickel content (%) 8.00-10.00, 304 ndi ofanana ndi dziko langa 0Cr19Ni9 (0Cr18Ni9) zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo ntchito yake yolimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi yamphamvu kuposa ya 200 mndandanda wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kumakhalanso bwino.
304 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kosapanga dzimbiri komanso kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri la intergranular.
Kwa ma oxidizing acid, zimatsirizika poyesera kuti 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri mu nitric acid pansi pa kutentha kotentha ndi ndende ya ≤65%. Ilinso ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri ku mayankho a alkaline komanso ma organic ndi ma inorganic acid.

General makhalidwe:

304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito
Kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri kuposa chitsulo wamba
Mphamvu yayikulu, kotero kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito mbale zoonda ndikwabwino
Kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa okosijeni ndi mphamvu zambiri, motero kugonjetsedwa ndi moto
Kutentha kwachizolowezi, ndiko kuti, kukonza pulasitiki kosavuta
Kukonza kosavuta komanso kosavuta chifukwa palibe chithandizo chapamwamba chomwe chimafunikira
woyera, kumaliza kwakukulu
Kuchita bwino kwa kuwotcherera

Zojambulajambula
1, Dry akupera brushed
Zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pamsika ndi waya wautali komanso waya waufupi. Pambuyo pokonza malo oterowo, mbale ya 304 yosapanga dzimbiri imawonetsa kukongoletsa kwabwino, komwe kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zazinthu zodzikongoletsera. Nthawi zambiri, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 zimatha kupanga zabwino pambuyo pakutsuka kamodzi. Chifukwa mtengo otsika, ntchito yosavuta, otsika mtengo processing ndi ntchito lonse la mtundu wa zida processing, wakhala zida zofunika kwa malo processing. Chifukwa chake, malo ambiri opangira makina amatha kupereka mbale zazitali zazitali komanso zazifupi, zomwe zitsulo 304 zimawerengera zoposa 80%.
2, kujambula mphero mafuta
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha banja la 304 chikuwonetsa kukongoletsa koyenera pambuyo pogaya mafuta, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapanelo okongoletsa monga zikepe ndi zida zapanyumba. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chozizira cha 304 nthawi zambiri chimatha kupeza zotsatira zabwino pakadutsa chisanu chimodzi. Palinso malo ena opangira zinthu pamsika omwe angapereke chisanu chamafuta kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chotentha, ndipo zotsatira zake zimafanana ndi zogaya mafuta ozizira. Zojambula zamafuta zimathanso kugawidwa kukhala ulusi wautali ndi ulusi wamfupi. Ulusi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa chikepe, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri ya mawonekedwe a zida zazing'ono zapakhomo ndi ziwiya zakukhitchini.
Kusiyana ndi 316
Zitsulo ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi 316 (kapena zofanana ndi German / European standard 1.4308, 1.4408), kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mankhwala pakati pa 316 ndi 304 ndikuti 316 ili ndi Mo, ndipo amadziwika kuti 316 ali ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri. Imalimbana ndi dzimbiri kuposa 304 pamalo otentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, m'malo otentha kwambiri, mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amasankha magawo opangidwa ndi zida za 316. Koma zomwe zimatchedwa kuti palibe mtheradi, mu malo osakanikirana a sulfuric acid, musagwiritse ntchito 316 mosasamala kanthu kuti kutentha kuli kotani! Apo ayi, nkhaniyi ikhoza kukhala yaikulu. Aliyense amene amaphunzira zamakanika aphunzira ulusi, ndipo kumbukirani kuti pofuna kuteteza ulusi kuti zisagwidwe kutentha kwakukulu, mafuta olimba amdima ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), pomwe mfundo za 2 zimachokera. [2]: Molybdenum imakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi ayoni apamwamba a sulfure kupanga sulfide. Choncho palibe chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chili chosagonjetseka komanso chosachita dzimbiri. Pomaliza, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi zonyansa zambiri (koma zonyansazi ndizosawonongeka kuposa zitsulo ^^), ndipo zitsulo zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zina.

Kuyanika kwa Ubwino Wapamwamba:

Ubwino wa pamwamba wa 304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri umatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi njira ya pickling pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha. Ngati khungu la oxide la pamwamba lomwe limapangidwa ndi njira yachikale yochizira kutentha ndi yokhuthala kapena kapangidwe kake kosagwirizana, pickling sikungawongolere kutha kwake komanso kufanana. Choncho, chidwi chonse chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kapena kuyeretsa pamwamba pasanayambe chithandizo cha kutentha.
Ngati makulidwe a oxide pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri si yunifolomu, roughness pamwamba pa chitsulo pansi pa malo wandiweyani ndi malo woonda ndi osiyana. Zosiyana, kotero pamwamba pa mbale yachitsulo ndi yosagwirizana. Choncho, m'pofunika uniformly kupanga oxide mamba pa kutentha mankhwala ndi Kutentha. Kuti tikwaniritse zofunikira izi, ziyenera kutsatiridwa kuzinthu izi:
Ngati mafuta amamangiriridwa pamwamba pa workpiece pamene mbale zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi mkangano, makulidwe ndi zikuchokera oxide sikelo pa mafuta-boma gawo adzakhala osiyana ndi makulidwe ndi zikuchokera oxide sikelo ku mbali zina, ndi carburization zidzachitika. Gawo la carburized la chitsulo choyambira pansi pa khungu la oxide lidzagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi asidi. Madontho amafuta omwe amapopedwa ndi chowotcha cholemera kwambiri pakuyaka koyambirira amakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu ngati atalumikizidwa ndi chogwirira ntchito. Zitha kukhalanso ndi zotsatira pamene zala za wogwiritsa ntchito zimalumikizidwa ndi chogwirira ntchito. Choncho, wogwira ntchitoyo sayenera kukhudza mwachindunji zigawo zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi manja ake, ndipo musalole kuti workpiece ikhale yodetsedwa ndi mafuta atsopano. Magolovesi oyera ayenera kuvala.
Ngati pali lubricating mafuta Ufumuyo pamwamba pa workpiece pa ozizira processing, ayenera kwathunthu degreased mu trichlorethylene degreasing wothandizila ndi caustic koloko njira, ndiye kutsukidwa ndi madzi ofunda, ndiyeno kutentha mankhwala.
Ngati pali zonyansa pamwamba pa mbale ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, makamaka pamene zinthu zakuthupi kapena phulusa zimamangiriridwa ku workpiece, kutentha kudzakhudzanso sikelo.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa mlengalenga mu ng'anjo yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri M'mlengalenga mu ng'anjoyo ndi yosiyana mu gawo lililonse, ndipo mapangidwe a khungu la oxide adzasinthanso, chomwe ndi chifukwa cha kusamvana pambuyo pa pickling. Choncho, potentha, mpweya wa mbali iliyonse ya ng'anjo uyenera kukhala wofanana. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kuyendayenda kwa mlengalenga kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa.

Komanso, ngati njerwa, asibesitosi, etc. kuti kupanga nsanja ntchito kutentha workpiece muli madzi, madzi amasanduka nthunzi pamene usavutike mtima, ndi mpweya wa gawo mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi nthunzi madzi adzakhala osiyana ndi mbali zina. zosiyana basi. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi chotenthetsera chotenthetseracho ziyenera kuwumitsidwa kwathunthu musanagwiritse ntchito. Komabe, ngati itayikidwa pa firiji itatha kuyanika, chinyontho chidzakhazikikabe pamtunda wa workpiece pansi pa chinyezi chapamwamba. Choncho, ndi bwino kuumitsa musanagwiritse ntchito.
Ngati mbali ya mbale zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo kuchitiridwa ali sikelo yotsalira pamaso kutentha mankhwala, padzakhala kusiyana makulidwe ndi zikuchokera sikelo pakati pa mbali ndi sikelo yotsalira ndi mbali popanda sikelo pambuyo Kutentha, chifukwa m'goli pamwamba pambuyo pickling , kotero osati tiyenera kulabadira komaliza kutentha mankhwala, komanso tiyenera kulabadira zonse wapakati kutentha mankhwala ndi pickling.
Pali kusiyana kwa sikelo ya oxide yomwe imapangidwa pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi malawi amoto kapena mafuta ndi malo omwe salumikizana. Choncho, m'pofunika kusunga chidutswa cha mankhwala kuti zisagwirizane mwachindunji ndi pakamwa lamoto panthawi yotentha.
Zotsatira za kumaliza kosiyanasiyana kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Ngati mapeto a pamwamba ndi osiyana, ngakhale atatenthedwa nthawi imodzi, masikelo a oxide pamagulu ovuta komanso abwino a pamwamba adzakhala osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, pamalo pomwe chilema cham'deralo chatsukidwa ndi malo omwe sichinatsukidwe, mawonekedwe opanga khungu la oxide ndi osiyana, kotero pamwamba pa workpiece pambuyo pa pickling ndi yosiyana.

Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwachitsulo kumadalira zinthu zina pambali pa kutentha kwachitsulo. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa filimuyo, sikelo ndi momwe chitsulo chilili pamwamba. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimasunga pamwamba paukhondo, motero chimasamutsa kutentha kuposa zitsulo zina zokhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri. Liaocheng Suntory Stainless Steel imapereka 8. Miyezo yaumisiri yopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mbale zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zolimba kwambiri zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, ntchito yopindika, kulimba kwa zida zowotcherera, komanso kupondaponda kwa zida zowotcherera ndi njira zawo zopangira. Mwachindunji, C: 0.02% kapena zochepa, N: 0.02% kapena zochepa, Cr: 11% kapena zambiri ndi zosakwana 17%, zoyenera za Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Ni, ndi kukhutiritsa 12≤Cr Mo 1.5Si≤ 17. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi 30≤NM Ni 30(5CMNi) Cu)≤4, Cr 0.5(Ni Cu) 3.3Mo≥16.0, 0.006≤CN≤0.030 imatenthedwa mpaka 850～1250°C, kenako imachitika pa 1°C/s Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kuzizira pamwamba pa mlingo wozizira. Mwanjira iyi, imatha kukhala mbale yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri yokhala ndi mawonekedwe opitilira 12% martensite ndi voliyumu, mphamvu yayikulu pamwamba pa 730MPa, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kupindika, komanso kulimba kwambiri m'dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Kugwiritsanso ntchito Mo, B, ndi zina zotere kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a gawo lowotcherera. Lawi la okosijeni ndi gasi silingadutse mbale yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichophweka kuti chikhale ndi okosijeni. 5CM wandiweyani wosapanga dzimbiri mbale ayenera kukonzedwa ndi zida zapadera kudula, monga: (1) Laser kudula makina ndi madzi okulirapo (makina odulira laser) (2) Mafuta kuthamanga saw makina (3) Pogaya chimbale (4) Anthu dzanja kuona (5) Waya kudula makina (waya kudula makina). (6) Kudula kwa jeti yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri (katswiri wodula jeti wamadzi: Shanghai Xinwei) (7) kudula kwa Plasma arc