Duban bakin karfe

Kamfanonin bakin karfe suna samar da kowane nau'in bakin karfe, kuma kowane nau'in dubawa (gwaji) dole ne a aiwatar da shi daidai da daidaitattun ka'idoji da takaddun fasaha kafin barin masana'anta. Gwajin kimiyya shine ginshikin ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, yana nuna matsayin ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, kuma wata muhimmiyar hanya ce ta inganta ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha. Yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban masu tasiri don bincika ingancin samfuran da aka kammala da samfuran da aka gama, kuma dole ne a ɗauki tsarin dubawa azaman muhimmin tsari a cikin tsarin samarwa.

Binciken ingancin ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci mai amfani don jagorantar masana'antar ƙarfe don ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar samarwa, haɓaka ingancin samfur, samar da samfuran ƙarfe waɗanda suka dace da ƙa'idodi, da jagorar masu amfani don zaɓar kayan ƙarfe bisa ga sakamakon dubawa, da yin sanyi, sarrafa zafi da magani mai zafi daidai.

1 Matsayin dubawa

Ma'auni na hanyar binciken ƙarfe sun haɗa da nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai, dubawar macroscopic, dubawar metallographic, binciken aikin injiniya, binciken aikin aiwatarwa, duban aikin jiki, binciken aikin sinadarai, ka'idodin hanyoyin duba marasa lahani da yanayin kula da zafi, da dai sauransu Kowane ma'aunin hanyar gwajin za a iya raba shi zuwa hanyoyin gwaji da yawa zuwa dozin daban-daban.

2 Abubuwan dubawa

Saboda samfuran bakin karfe daban-daban, abubuwan dubawa da ake buƙata suma sun bambanta. Abubuwan dubawa sun bambanta daga ƴan abubuwa zuwa fiye da abubuwa goma sha biyu. Kowane samfurin bakin karfe dole ne a bincika a hankali ɗaya bayan ɗaya bisa ga abubuwan dubawa da aka ƙayyade a cikin yanayin fasaha masu dacewa. Kowane abu na dubawa dole ne ya kasance da ƙwaƙƙwaran aiwatar da ƙa'idodin dubawa.

Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen gabatarwa ga abubuwan dubawa da alamomi masu alaƙa da bakin karfe.

(1) Abubuwan sinadaran:Kowane nau'in bakin karfe yana da wani nau'in sinadari, wanda shine juzu'in abubuwan sinadarai daban-daban a cikin karfe. Tabbatar da sinadarai na karfe shine mafi mahimmancin buƙatun ƙarfe. Ta hanyar nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadaran ne kawai za a iya tantance ko sinadarin sinadaran wani nau'in karfe ya cika ma'auni.

(2) Binciken macroscopic:Binciken macroscopic hanya ce ta bincikar saman ƙarfe ko sashe da ido tsirara ko gilashin ƙara girman da bai wuce sau 10 ba don tantance lahaninsa na macroscopic. Har ila yau, an san shi da ƙananan binciken nama, akwai hanyoyin dubawa da yawa, ciki har da gwajin leaching acid, gwajin bugun sulfur, da sauransu.

Acid leaching gwajin iya nuna general porosity, tsakiya porosity, ingot segregation, aya segregation, subcutaneous kumfa, saura shrinkage rami, fata juya, farin spots, axial intergranular fasa, ciki kumfa, wadanda ba karfe inclusions (bayyana zuwa ido tsirara) Kuma slag inclusions, da dai sauransu sun kimanta karfe inclusions.

(3) Duban tsarin awo:Wannan shine don amfani da microscope na ƙarfe don bincika tsarin ciki da lahani a cikin ƙarfe. Metallographic dubawa ya hada da ƙaddarar austenite hatsi size, da dubawa na wadanda ba karfe inclusions a karfe, da dubawa na zurfin decarburization Layer, da kuma dubawa na sinadaran abun da ke ciki segregation a karfe, da dai sauransu.

(4) Tauri:Taurin shine ma'auni don auna laushi da taurin kayan ƙarfe, kuma shine ƙarfin kayan ƙarfe don tsayayya da nakasar filastik na gida. Dangane da hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban, ana iya raba taurin zuwa nau'ikan iri da yawa kamar taurin Brinell, taurin Rockwell, taurin Vickers, taurin bakin teku da microhardness. Iyalin aikace-aikacen waɗannan hanyoyin gwajin taurin ma ya bambanta. Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani dasu sune hanyar gwajin taurin Brinell da kuma hanyar gwajin taurin Rockwell.

(5) Gwajin tensile:Dukkanin ma'aunin ƙarfi da fihirisar filastik ana auna su ta hanyar gwajin tensile na samfurin kayan. Bayanai na gwajin ƙwanƙwasa shine babban tushe don zaɓar kayan aiki a cikin ƙirar injiniya da ƙirar sassa na masana'anta.

Manufofin ƙarfin zafin jiki na al'ada sun haɗa da ma'anar yawan amfanin ƙasa (ko ƙayyadaddun damuwa na elongation mara daidaituwa) da ƙarfin ɗaure. Babban alamun ƙarfin zafin jiki sun haɗa da ƙarfin rarrafe, ƙarfin jurewa, babban zafin jiki ƙayyadadden damuwa na elongation mara daidaituwa, da sauransu.

(6) Gwajin tasiri:Gwajin tasiri na iya auna tasirin tasirin tasirin abu. Abin da ake kira ƙarfin sha mai tasiri shine ƙarfin da ake sha lokacin da gwajin ƙayyadadden sifa da girman ya karye a ƙarƙashin tasiri. Mafi girman tasirin tasirin da wani abu ke sha, mafi girman ikonsa na tsayayya da tasiri.

(7) Gwajin mara lalacewa:Gwajin mara lalacewa kuma ana kiransa gwajin mara lalacewa. Hanya ce ta bincike don gano lahani na ciki da yin la'akari da nau'in su, girmansu, siffarsu da wurinsu ba tare da lalata girma da amincin tsarin sassan ginin ba.

(8) Duban lahani na saman:Wannan shi ne don bincika saman karfe da lahani na subcutaneous. Abin da ke cikin binciken saman karfe shine don duba lahani na sama kamar fashewar saman, haɗaɗɗun slag, ƙarancin iskar oxygen, cizon iskar oxygen, kwasfa, da karce.