Kuongororwa kwesimbi isina tsvina

Mafekitari esimbi asina simbi anoburitsa marudzi ese esimbi isina tsvina, uye marudzi ese ekuongorora (bvunzo) anofanirwa kuitwa zvichiteerana nezviyero zvinoenderana uye magwaro ehunyanzvi asati abuda mufekitari. Kuedza kweSainzi ndiyo hwaro hwebudiriro yesainzi nehunyanzvi, inotaridza mwero webudiriro yesainzi nehunyanzvi, uye inzira yakakosha yekusimudzira kusimukira kwesainzi nehunyanzvi. Shandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshanda dzekuongorora mhando yezvigadzirwa zvehafu-yapera uye zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, uye maitiro ekuongorora anofanirwa kutorwa seyakakosha maitiro mukugadzira.

Kuongorora kwemhando yesimbi kwakakosha zvikuru kutungamira mafekitori esimbi kuti arambe achivandudza tekinoroji yekugadzira, kuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, uye kutungamira vashandisi kusarudza zvinhu zvesimbi zvine musoro zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuongorora, uye kuita kutonhora, kupisa kupisa uye kupisa kurapwa nemazvo.

1 Kuongorora mwero

Simbi yekuongorora nzira mazinga anosanganisira makemikari ekuumbwa kwekuongorora, macroscopic inspection, metallographic inspection, mechanical performance inspection, process performance performance, inspection performance yemuviri, chemical performance inspection, isingaparadzi yekuongorora uye kupisa kweyeyero yekuongorora nzira, etc. Imwe neimwe nzira yekuyedza inogona kukamurwa kuita akati wandei kusvika gumi nemaviri akasiyana nzira dzekuyedza.

2 Zvinhu zvekuongorora

Pamusana pezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi, izvo zvinodiwa zvekuongorora zvinhu zvakasiyanawo. Zvinhu zvekuongorora zvinotangira kubva pazvinhu zvishoma kusvika kune zvinopfuura gumi nemaviri zvinhu. Chigadzirwa chega chega chesimbi chinofanirwa kunyatsoongororwa chimwe nechimwe maererano nekuongorora zvinhu zvinotsanangurwa mune zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi mamiriro. Chinhu chega chega chekuongorora chinofanira kunge chiri Kunyatso shandiswa kwemaitiro ekuongorora.

Izvi zvinotevera sumo pfupi kune zvinhu zvekuongorora uye zviratidzo zvine chekuita nesimbi isina tsvina.

(1) Kemikari yakagadzirwa:Yega yega giredhi resimbi isina simbi ine imwe kemikari inoumbwa, inova chikamu chikuru cheakasiyana makemikari zvinhu musimbi. Kuvimbisa kuumbwa kwekemikari yesimbi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yesimbi. Chete nekuongorora chimiro chemakemikari chinogona kutariswa kana kemikari yeimwe giredhi yesimbi inosangana neyakajairwa.

(2) Macroscopic kuongorora:Macroscopic inspection inzira yekuongorora simbi yepasi kana chikamu neziso rakashama kana girazi rinokudza risingapfuure kagumi kuti uone hurema hwayo hwemacroscopic. Iyo inozivikanwawo seyakaderera-magnification tishu yekuongorora, kune dzakawanda nzira dzekuongorora, dzinosanganisira acid leaching bvunzo, sarufa kudhinda bvunzo, nezvimwe.

Acid leaching test inogona kuratidza general porosity, central porosity, ingot segregation, point segregation, subcutaneous bubbles, residual shrinkage cavity, ganda kutendeuka, mavara machena, axial intergranular cracks, mabubbles emukati, non-metallic inclusions (inoonekwa kune ziso rakashama) Uye slag, etc inclusions yave iri eterovaneluous metal.

(3) Metallographic chimiro chekuongorora:Uku ndiko kushandisa metallographic maikorosikopu kuongorora chimiro chemukati uye kukanganisa musimbi. Metallographic inspection inosanganisira kutsunga kwekukura kwezviyo zve austenite, kuongororwa kwe-non-metallic inclusions musimbi, kuongorora kudzika kwe decarburization layer, uye kuongororwa kwekuparadzaniswa kwemakemikari musimbi, nezvimwewo.

(4) Kuoma:Kuomarara indekisi yekuyera kupfava nekuoma kwezvinhu zvesimbi, uye iko kugona kwesimbi zvinhu kurwisa deformation yepurasitiki yemuno. Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekuedza, kuomarara kunogona kukamurwa kuita akati wandei mhando seBrinell kuomarara, Rockwell kuomarara, Vickers kuomarara, Shore kuomarara uye microhardness. Kuwanda kwekushandiswa kweiyi nzira dzekuomarara dzekuyedza kwakasiyana zvakare. Nzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa iBrinell kuomarara bvunzo nzira uye Rockwell kuomarara bvunzo nzira.

(5) Tensile test:Zvese zviri zviviri indekisi yesimba uye indekisi yepurasitiki inoyerwa neiyo tensile bvunzo yechinhu sampuli. Iyo data yeiyo tensile bvunzo ndiyo nheyo huru yekusarudza zvinhu muinjiniya dhizaini uye mekiniki yekugadzira zvikamu dhizaini.

Zvakajairwa tembiricha simba zviratidzo zvinosanganisira goho poindi (kana kutaurwa isiri-proportional elongation stress) uye tensile simba. High tembiricha simba zviratidzo zvinosanganisira zvinokambaira simba, kutsungirira simba, tembiricha yakakwira yakataurwa isina-proportional elongation kushushikana, nezvimwe.

(6) Muedzo wemhedzisiro:Iyo yekukanganisa bvunzo inogona kuyera kukanganisa kunyudza simba rechinhu. Iro rinodaidzwa kuti impact absorption energy isimba rinotorwa kana bvunzo yechimiro uye saizi yakatarwa ichityora. Iyo yakakura simba rekuita rinotorwa nechinhu, ndiko kukwira kwaro kugona kuramba kukanganiswa.

(7) Kuedza kusingaparadzi:Kuedza kusingaparadzi kunonzi zvakare kuyedza kusingaparadze. Iyo inzira yekuongorora yekuona kukanganisa kwemukati uye kutonga mhando yavo, saizi, chimiro uye nzvimbo pasina kuparadza ukuru uye kurongeka kwemaitiro ezvikamu zvemaitiro.

(8) Kuongororwa kwekuremara kwechiso:Izvi ndezvekuongorora nzvimbo yesimbi uye kukanganisa kwayo kwe subcutaneous. Zviri mukati mesimbi yekuongorora nzvimbo ndeyekutarisa kuremara kwepasi senge kutsemuka kwepasi, slag inclusions, kushomeka kweokisijeni, kuruma kweokisijeni, kupepeta, uye kukwenya.