ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke kila kila

Hana nā hale hana kila kila i nā ʻano kila kila a pau, a pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā ʻano nānā (nā hoʻokolohua) e like me nā kūlana kūpono a me nā palapala ʻenehana ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hale hana. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua ʻepekema ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, hōʻailona ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, a he mea nui ia e hāpai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana. E hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e nānā i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana semi-finished a me nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia, a pono e manaʻo ʻia ke kaʻina nānā ʻana he hana koʻikoʻi i ke kaʻina hana.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke kila e alakaʻi i nā hale hana metallurgical e hoʻomaikaʻi mau i ka ʻenehana hana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, hana i nā huahana kila i kūpono i nā kūlana, a alakaʻi i nā mea hoʻohana e koho pono i nā mea kila e like me nā hopena nānā, a e hana pono i ke anuanu, wela a me ka mālama wela.

1 Kūlana nānā

ʻO nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kila me ka nānā ʻana i ka haku mele, macroscopic inspection, metallographic inspection, mechanical performance inspection, process performance inspection, physical performance inspection, chemical performance inspection, non-destructive inspection and heat treatment inspection method standards, etc.

2 Nā mea nānā

Ma muli o nā huahana kila kila ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa nā mea nānā i koi ʻia. ʻO nā mea nānā mai nā mea liʻiliʻi a i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka ʻumi mau mea. Pono e nānā pono ʻia kēlā me kēia huahana stainless steel e like me nā mea nānā i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā kūlana ʻenehana pili. Pono kēlā me kēia mea nānā i ka hoʻokō Meticulous o nā kūlana nānā.

He hoʻolauna pōkole kēia i nā mea nānā a me nā hōʻailona e pili ana i ke kila kila.

(1) KemimiLoaʻa i kēlā me kēia papa kila kila i kekahi haku mele, ʻo ia ka hapa nui o nā mea kemika like ʻole i loko o ke kila. ʻO ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana i ka haku mele ʻana o ke kila ka mea pono loa no ke kila. Ma ke kālailai wale ʻana i ka haku mele e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo inā kū ka hana kemika o kekahi ʻano kila i ka maʻamau.

(2) Nānā Macroscopic:ʻO ka nānā ʻana Macroscopic kahi ala e nānā ai i ka ʻili metala a i ʻole ka ʻāpana me ka maka ʻōlohelohe a i ʻole ke aniani hoʻonui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau manawa e hoʻoholo ai i kona mau hemahema macroscopic. ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka nānā ʻana i nā kiko haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, he nui nā ʻano nānā, me ka hoʻāʻo leaching acid, ka hoʻāʻo paʻi sulfur, etc.

Acid leaching ho'āʻo hiki ke hōʻike maʻamau porosity, waena porosity, ingot segregation, point segregation, subcutaneous bubbles, koena shrinkage ana, ili huli, keʻokeʻo kiko, axial intergranular māwae, loko ohu, non-metallic inclusions (ʻikeʻia e ka maka maka) A me slag inclusions, heterogeneous metala inclusions.

(3) ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano metallographic:ʻO kēia ke hoʻohana ʻana i kahi microscope metallographic e nānā i ke ʻano o loko a me nā hemahema o ke kila. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka metallographic e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o ka palaoa austenite, ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui non-metallic i ke kila, ka nānā ʻana i ka hohonu o ka papa decarburization, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hana kemika i ke kila, etc.

(4) ʻoʻoleʻa:ʻO ka paʻakikī kahi helu helu e ana i ka palupalu a me ka paʻakikī o nā mea metala, a ʻo ia ka hiki o nā mea metala ke pale aku i ka deformation plastik kūloko. Wahi a nā ʻano hoʻokolohua like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paʻakikī i kekahi mau ʻano e like me Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness, Shore hardness and microhardness. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ka laulā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻano hoʻāʻo paʻakikī. ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau ʻo ke ʻano hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Brinell a me ke ʻano hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell.

(5) Ho'āʻo tensile:Ua ana ʻia ka index ikaika a me ka plastic index e ka hoʻāʻo tensile o ka laʻana mea. ʻO ka ʻikepili o ka hoʻāʻo tensile ke kumu nui no ke koho ʻana i nā mea i ka hoʻolālā ʻenekinia a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā ʻāpana hana mechanical.

ʻO nā hōʻailona ikaika o ka wela maʻamau e loaʻa i ka helu hua (a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi hoʻolōʻihi like ʻole) a me ka ikaika tensile. ʻO nā hōʻailona ikaika wela kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka ikaika creep, ka ikaika hoʻomanawanui, ke koʻikoʻi elongation elongation kiʻekiʻe, etc.

(6) Ho'āʻo hopena:Hiki i ka ho'āʻo hopena ke ana i ka ikehu absorption hopena o ka mea. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hopena absorption energy ka ikehu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā e haki ai kahi hōʻike o ke ʻano a me ka nui ma lalo o kahi hopena. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ikehu hopena i lawe ʻia e kekahi mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona hiki ke pale aku i ka hopena.

(7) Ke hoʻāʻo ʻaʻole luku:Ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻāʻo non-destructive hoʻāʻo. He ala nānā ia e ʻike ai i nā hemahema o loko a hoʻoholo i ko lākou ʻano, ka nui, ke ʻano a me ka wahi me ka ʻole o ka luku ʻana i ka nui a me ka paʻa o nā ʻāpana.

(8) Nānā hemahema o ka ʻili:ʻO kēia ke nānā ʻana i ka ʻili kila a me kona mau hemahema ma lalo o ka ʻili. ʻO ka maʻiʻo o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻili kila e nānā i nā hemahema o ka ʻili e like me nā māwae o ka ʻili, nā slag inclusions, oxygen deficiency, oxygen bite, peeling, a me nā ʻōpala.