Ukuhlolwa kwentsimbi engenasici

Iifektri zensimbi ezingenasici zivelisa zonke iintlobo zensimbi engenasici, kwaye zonke iintlobo zokuhlola (uvavanyo) kufuneka zenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ehambelanayo kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa ngaphambi kokushiya i-factory. Uvavanyo lobunzululwazi lusisiseko sophuhliso lwenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, luphawula inqanaba lophuhliso lwenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, kwaye luyindlela ebalulekileyo yokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe. Sebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzayo ukuhlola umgangatho weemveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo, kwaye inkqubo yokuhlola kufuneka ithathwe njengenkqubo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.

Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wentsimbi kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhokela iifektri zetsimbi ukuba ziqhubeke ziphucula itekhnoloji yemveliso, ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso, ukuvelisa iimveliso zentsimbi ezihlangabezana nemigangatho, kunye nokukhokela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhethe izinto zentsimbi ngokufanelekileyo ngokweziphumo zohlolo, kunye nokwenza ukubanda, ukusetyenzwa okushushu kunye nokuphathwa kobushushu ngokuchanekileyo.

1 Umgangatho wokuhlola

Imigangatho yendlela yokuhlola isinyithi ibandakanya uhlalutyo lokubunjwa kweekhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwe-macroscopic, ukuhlolwa kwe-metallographic, ukuhlolwa kokwenziwa komatshini, ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komzimba, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kweekhemikhali, ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi kunye nemigangatho yendlela yokuhlola ukushisa, njl njl.

2 Izinto zokuhlola

Ngenxa yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo zensimbi ezingenasici, izinto zokuhlola ezifunekayo zikwahluke. Izinto zokuhlola zivela kwizinto ezimbalwa ukuya kwizinto ezingaphezu kweshumi elinesibini. Imveliso nganye yensimbi engenasici kufuneka ihlolwe ngokucophelela nganye ngokwezinto zokuhlola ezichazwe kwiimeko zobuchwepheshe ezihambelanayo. Into nganye yokuhlola kufuneka iphumeze ngobunono imigangatho yokuhlola.

Oku kulandelayo sisingeniso esifutshane kwizinto zokuhlola kunye nezalathi ezinxulumene nensimbi engenasici.

(1) Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali:Ibakala ngalinye lensimbi engenastainless linemichiza ethile, eyiqhekeza leekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo kwintsimbi. Ukuqinisekisa ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zentsimbi yeyona mfuneko isisiseko yentsimbi. Kuphela ngokuhlalutya ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunokumiselwa ukuba ngaba ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kwinqanaba elithile lensimbi lidibana nomgangatho.

(2) Ukuhlolwa kweMacroscopic:Ukuhlolwa kwe-macroscopic yindlela yokuhlola umphezulu wesinyithi okanye icandelo ngeso lenyama okanye iglasi ekhulisayo engekho ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ali-10 ukufumanisa iziphene zayo zesakhiwo semacroscopic. Ekwaziwa njengokuhlolwa kwezicubu ezisezantsi, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhlola, kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-asidi leaching, uvavanyo lokuprinta isulfure, njl.

Uvavanyo lwe-Acid leaching test lungabonisa i-porosity jikelele, i-porosity ephakathi, i-ingot segregation, ukuhlukana kwamaphuzu, ama-bubbles angaphantsi kwe-subcutaneous, i-residual shrinkage cavity, ukuguquka kwesikhumba, amabala amhlophe, i-axial intergranular cracks, i-bubbles yangaphakathi, i-non-metallic inclusions (ebonakalayo kwiso lenyama) Kwaye i-slag, njl njl, i-slag inclusions, i-slag, njl.

(3) Uhlolo lwesakhiwo se-metallographic:Oku kukusebenzisa i-metallographic microscope ukuhlola isakhiwo sangaphakathi kunye neziphene kwintsimbi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-metallographic kubandakanya ukuzimisela kobungakanani bengqolowa ye-austenite, ukuhlolwa kwe-non-metallic inclusions kwintsimbi, ukuhlolwa kobunzulu be-decarburization layer, kunye nokuhlolwa kokwahlulwa kokwakheka kweekhemikhali kwintsimbi, njl.

(4) Ukuqina:Ubunzima buyisalathiso sokulinganisa ukuthamba kunye nobunzima bezinto zetsimbi, kwaye bubuchule bezinto zetsimbi ukuxhathisa i-deformation yeplastiki yendawo. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo, ubulukhuni bunokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezininzi ezifana nobulukhuni beBrinell, ukuqina kweRockwell, ubulukhuni beVickers, ubulukhuni beShore kunye nobulukhuni obuncinci. Umda wokusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zovavanyo lobulukhuni ukwahluka. Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo yiBrinell hardness test method kunye neRockwell hardness method.

(5) Uvavanyo lwe-tensile:Zombini isalathisi samandla kunye nesalathiso seplastiki silinganiswa ngovavanyo lwe-tensile yesampuli yezinto. Idatha yovavanyo lwe-tensile sisiseko esiphambili sokukhetha imathiriyeli kuyilo lobunjineli kunye noyilo lwamalungu okwenziwa koomatshini.

Iimpawu zamandla obushushu obuqhelekileyo zibandakanya inqaku lesivuno (okanye uxinzelelo lwe-elongation oluchaziweyo olungalinganiyo) kunye namandla okuqina. Iimpawu zamandla obushushu obuphezulu zibandakanya amandla okurhubuluza, amandla okunyamezela, ubushushu obuphezulu obucaciswe ngoxinzelelo lobude obungalinganiyo, njl.

(6) Uvavanyo lwempembelelo:Uvavanyo lwempembelelo lunokulinganisa amandla okufunxa impembelelo yemathiriyeli. Into ebizwa ngokuba yimpembelelo yamandla okufunxa ngamandla afunxayo xa uvavanyo lwemilo echaziweyo kunye nobukhulu buphuka phantsi kwempembelelo. Okukhona impembelelo yamandla ifunxwa yinto enkulu, kokukhona iphezulu isakhono sayo sokuxhathisa impembelelo.

(7) Uvavanyo olungonakalisi:Uvavanyo olungonakalisi lukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo olungonakalisi. Yindlela yokuhlola ukufumanisa iziphene zangaphakathi kunye nokugweba uhlobo lwabo, ubungakanani, imilo kunye nendawo ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa ubungakanani kunye nokunyaniseka kwesakhiwo seendawo zesakhiwo.

(8) Uhlolo lwesiphene kumphezulu:Oku kukuhlola umgangatho wentsimbi kunye neziphene zayo ezingaphantsi kwe-subcutaneous. Umxholo wokuhlolwa kwendawo yentsimbi kukuhlola iziphene zomhlaba ezifana nokuqhekeka komhlaba, ukufakwa kwe-slag, ukungabikho kwe-oksijini, i-oxygen bite, i-peeling, kunye nemikrwelo.